9 THE PHENOMENOLOGY OF
INFORMATION SYSTEMS EVALUATION:
OVERCOMING THE SUBJECT/OBJECT
DUALISM
Lucas D. Introna
Centrefor the Study of Technology and Organization
Lancaster University Management School
Lancaster
United Kingdom
Louise Whittaker
Graduate School of Business Administration
University of the Witwatersrand
Johannesburg
South Africa
Abstract
In this paper, we argue that the path to better IS evaluation
in organizations is to get beyond the dualisms of subject/object,
mind/body, and cognition/action that limit our analysis, under-
standing, and practice of evaluation in the flow of organiza-
tionallife. We present a discussion of the unity of cognition and
action using the work of phenomenologists such as Heidegger,
Merleau-Ponty, and Henry. We argue that the subject/object
dualism as described in the evaluation literature only seems to
exist because we accept and depend on another dualism,
namely the assumed split between cognition and action. We
propose that managers do not apply methods, propose alterna-
tives, argue costs and benefits, and attempt to subvert these, in
order to judge or decide. Rather the applying, proposing,
arguing and subverting-the discourse-is exactly already the
judging and the deciding. We proceed to present a set of
principles that take the unity of cognition and action seriously.
We believe these point to a way of making IS evaluation more
skillful while taking into account both the rational and the
The original version of this chapter was revised: The copyright line was incorrect. This has been
corrected. The Erratum to this chapter is available at DOI:
© IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2003
E. H. Wynn et al. (eds.), Global and Organizational Discourse about Information Technology
10.1007/978-0-387-35634-1_28