Received: 14 Feb. 2017 Accepted: 21 May 2017 1- PhD Candidate, Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2- Professor, Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 3- Associate Professor, Department of Oral Medicine and Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 4- Assistant Professor, School of Medicine, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran 5- Assistant Professor, Department of Health Information Management, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Correspondence to: Reza Safdari PhD and Arash Mansourian DDS, MSc Email: rsafdari@tums.ac.ir, amansourian@tums.ac.ir http://johoe.kmu.ac.ir, 7 October J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol/ Autumn 2017; Vol. 6, No. 4 187 Clinical decision support system, a potential solution for diagnostic accuracy improvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review Hamideh Ehtesham MSc 1 , Reza Safdari PhD 2 , Arash Mansourian DDS, MSc 3 , Shahram Tahmasebian PhD 4 , Niloofar Mohammadzadeh PhD 5 , Marjan Ghazisaeedi PhD 5 , Azadeh Bashiri MSc 1 Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIM: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a rapidly progressive disease and despite the progress in the treatment of cancer, remains a life-threatening illness with a poor prognosis. Diagnostic techniques of the oral cavity are not painful, non-invasive, simple and inexpensive methods. Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) are the most important diagnostic technologies used to help health professionals to analyze patients’ data and make decisions. This paper, by studying CDSS applications in the process of providing care for the cancer patients, has looked into the CDSS potentials in OSCC diagnosis. METHODS: We retrieved relevant articles indexed in MEDLINE/PubMed database using high-quality keywords. First, the title and then the abstract of the related articles were reviewed in the step of screening. Only research articles which had designed clinical decision support system in different stages of providing care for the cancer patient were retained in this study according to the input criteria. RESULTS: Various studies have been conducted about the important roles of CDSS in health processes related to different types of cancer. According to the aim of studies, we categorized them into several groups including treatment, diagnosis, risk assessment, screening, and survival estimation. CONCLUSION: Successful experiences in the field of CDSS applications in different types of cancer have indicated that machine learning methods have a high potential to manage the data and diagnostic improvement in OSCC intelligently and accurately. KEYWORDS: Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Clinical Decision Support System; Neoplasm; Dental Informatics Citation: Ehtesham H, Safdari R, Mansourian A, Tahmasebian S, Mohammadzadeh N, Ghazisaeedi M, et al. Clinical decision support system, a potential solution for diagnostic accuracy improvement in oral squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review. J Oral Health Oral Epidemiol 2017; 6(4): 187-95. ral cavity cancer refers to all malignancies of the lips, mouth and neck, among which oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common one. 1,2 Etiology and biological behavior studies of OSCC have suggested that this carcinoma develops a more aggressive behavior with poor prognosis. 3,4 In response to the need for early detection of OSCC, several diagnostic techniques have been developed over the years, mostly including vital staining, light-based detection systems, histological techniques, cytological techniques, molecular analyses and imaging O Review Article