Int. J. Advanced Networking and Applications Volume: 15 Issue: 02 Pages: 5837– 5852 (2023) ISSN: 0975-0290 5837 INTSM: A Novel Approach for Load Balancing in MANET Route Discovery Manju Sahu 1 Research Scholar, Barkatullah University, Bhopal Email : manjusahu87@gmail.com Dr. Sanjeev Gour 2 Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, Career College, Bhopal Email : sunj129@gmail.com ----------------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT-------------------------------------------------------------- Ad-hoc networks are networks where mobile nodes can move around, causing changes in their positions and how they connect with each other. However, these changes can lead to problems in communication between the nodes. One big problem is making sure that the network is balanced, so that no nodes are overloaded while others are underutilized. When mobile nodes move less, the network performs better, but this can cause delays for nodes in the centre. To manage this issue, we need to find a way to handle the network's load and balance the traffic between nodes. We also need to identify when nodes are congested, meaning they have too much to handle, and when nodes are not being used enough. This way, we can distribute the traffic in a better way. This paper introduces a new method called the Intermediate Node Traffic Sharing Model (INTSM) to help solve these problems. INTSM focuses on balancing the load and managing congestion during the process of finding routes in the network. By using INTSM, we can improve how traffic is shared and how the network performs, reducing delays for packets. This research aims to make load balancing and route discovery in these networks better and more efficient. Keywords - Ad-hoc networks, Intermediate Node Traffic Sharing Model (INTSM), congestion management, load balancing, route discovery, traffic distribution. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date of Submission: July 15, 2023 Date of Acceptance: August 21, 2023 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1. INTRODUCTION A Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET)[1] is a type of network where mobile devices can create a temporary network without any pre-existing infrastructure or human intervention. In a MANET, each device acts as both a sender and a receiver, helping to pass data packets to their intended destination. This collaboration between devices allows the network to function without relying on fixed routers or base stations. There are two ways for wireless devices to communicate with each other. The first way involves a central base station that controls the communication and manages the resources. If two devices want to communicate, they have to go through the base station. However, this approach is mostly used in large cellular networks like GSM or UMTS. Fig. 1 is shown the infrastructure-based networks[2]. Figure 1 Infrastructure based network The second way, called the ad-hoc approach, is different. It doesn't depend on any fixed infrastructure or central control. Instead, devices work together to forward data packets from one device to another until they reach the desired destination[3]. Each device acts as a router, deciding where to send the packets based on the current state of the network. Fig. 2 is shown the infrastructure less networks. Figure 2 Infrastructure less networks The paper introduces INTSM, a new method to improve load balancing during route discovery in MANETs. It effectively manages congestion and controls load distribution when setting up routes in the network. By using INTSM, we aim to enhance how traffic is shared among devices and improve the overall performance of the network. This research contributes to making route discovery in MANETs more efficient and reliable. MANETs have various applications, such as emergency search-and-rescue operations, battlefield decision making, and data acquisition in challenging environments[4]. They are characterized by dynamic topology, multi-hop