Vol. 6(1), pp. 1-9, January 2014
DOI: 10.5897/JDOH2013.0101
ISSN 2006-9871 © 2014 Academic Journals
http://www.academicjournals.org/JDOH
Journal of Dentistry and
Oral Hygiene
Full Length Research Paper
Dental care practices and caries experiences among
teenagers in Hhohho sub-region, Swaziland
S. L. Mndzebele* and O. N. Makhubela-Nkondo
Faculty of Health Care Sciences (School of Public Health), University of Limpopo (MEDUNSA) Campus, P. O. Medunsa,
0204, South Africa.
Accepted 4 November, 2013
Increased figures in tooth extractions among the youth population in the Northern Hhohho region of
Swaziland prompted the researchers to investigate these development, with the purpose of assessing
and describing dental healthcare practices and caries experiences among school going teenagers. The
study engaged a randomized-survey design through a self-administered questionnaire. The population
sample comprised 562 secondary school-going pupils (13 to 18 years). On self-reported caries
experiences, about 43.3% reported to have had one or more decayed-teeth; 21.9% were found to be
consuming foods comprising refined-carbohydrates daily; and about 30.3% often go to bed chewing
sweets. About 98.8% brush their teeth at least once a day, and about 77.8% knew other unconventional
tooth brushing methods. Logistic regression results suggest that pupils who were within 10 km of a
dental clinic were 30% less likely to be found with decayed-teeth (e
B
=0.719; p-value=0.082).
Surprisingly, pupils who knew the cause of caries were almost twice likely to be found with decayed-
teeth (e
B
=1.866; p-value=0.003). Those who took soft-drinks for their daily refreshments increased their
chances of being found with decayed-teeth by three-folds (e
B
=3.33; p-value=0.008). Pupils who knew the
difference between tooth-decay and gum disease were twice likely to be found with decayed-teeth
(e
B
=1.918; p-value=0.003). It can therefore be concluded that whilst caries affect teenagers uniformly
(whether boys/girls); most of the known caries causal factors do not seem to influence the probability
of having caries in this region.
Key words: Dental caries experiences, oral hygiene, dietary habits, tooth-brushing, teenagers.
INTRODUCTION
Some personal oral healthcare practices and perceptions
that often have a direct influence on caries development
such as frequency of tooth-brushing and certain dietary
habits continue to occupy a central role in the field of oral
health research today. For instance, it is important to
understand the role played by even a simple fruit juice in
caries development. That is why caries has now been
considered to be the major oral health problems through-
out the world (Evans et al., 2013; Ministry of Health and
Social Welfare, 2005; Marthaler et al., 1996; Petersen,
2003). With gum-diseases on its side, caries has been
noted as significant in societies by the World Health
Organization (WHO), because almost everybody has
experienced one or more of these two conditions at some
point in time (WHO, 2001). Caries is related to one’s
lifestyle, and behavioural factors under a person’s control
are clearly implicated. These factors include poor oral
hygiene; poor dietary habits, that is, frequent consump-
tion of refined carbohydrates, frequent use of oral medi-
cations that contain sugar, and inappropriate methods of
feeding infants (Selwitz et al., 2007).
There is strong evidence to the effect that certain food-
stuff is the main cause of dental caries in most people
(Rugg-Gunn and Nunn, 1999; WHO, 2006; Rees, 1992).
*Corresponding author. E-mail: samuelmndzebele@embanet.com or Samuel.Mndzebele@ul.ac.za.