Majumder et al. European Journal of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences www.ejbps.com │ Vol 10, Issue 11, 2023. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 201 PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL (CNS) SCREENING OF ALCOHOLIC EXTRACT OBTAINED FROM MELIA AZEDARACH (LEAF) Raja Majumder*, Durgesh Ranjan Kar, Shaibal Chandra, Partha Pratim Das, Sarbani Das, Monami Bhattacharyya and Gouranga Sundar Roy Bengal School of Technology (A College of Pharmacy), Delhi-Road, Sugandha, Chuchura, Hooghly, West-Bengal, India, 712102. Article Received on 14/9/2023 Article Revised on 04/10/2023 Article Accepted on 24/10/2023 INTRODUCTION The central nervous system, which is controlled by the brain, is the most essential organ. Brain function problems such as insomnia, anxiety, epilepsy, depression, and behavior have become a critical feature in society, requiring therapy and the selection of medications with fewer side effects. According to the research, psychiatric disorders have become a global concern (about 12% of populations). [1] The search for new therapeutic products from plant sources for the treatment of neurological or CNS disorders has progressed constantly to impact the pharmacological effectiveness in a variety of animal models. [2] A variety of animal species are often employed in behavioral studies to evaluate medication impact associated with central nervous system (CNS). The exact study objective, practicality, ethical issues, and similarities between the animal and human physiology all influence the choice of animal model. [3] Many medicinal plants include chemicals that have been shown to improve brain health. Ginkgo biloba, for example, is well-known for its ability to aid memory and cognitive function. Curcumin, which is found in turmeric, has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant qualities that may help protect the brain from harm. These and other medicinal plants have been used in traditional medical systems for centuries to treat a range of brain illnesses. [4] Numerous natural supplements have received attention for their ability to improve brain health and treat brain diseases. For example, Bacopa monnieri, a traditional Ayurvedic herb, has been demonstrated to improve memory and cognition. Another herb, Ashwagandha, has adaptogenic effects that may aid in the reduction of stress and anxiety, both of which can have an effect on brain function. [5] Even though, pain that persists may have a significant impact on a person's quality of life by interfering with their physical and mental health. It can hinder movement, disrupt daily tasks, disrupt sleep patterns, induce mental problems such as depression and anxiety, and have a detrimental influence on relations and overall happiness. SJIF Impact Factor 6.044 Research Article ejbps, 2023, Volume 10, Issue 11, 201-220. European Journal of Biomedical AND Pharmaceutical sciences http://www.ejbps.com ISSN 2349-8870 Volume: 10 Issue: 11 201-220 Year: 2023 *Corresponding Author: Raja Majumder Bengal School of Technology (A College of Pharmacy), Delhi-Road, Sugandha, Delhi-Road, Chuchura, Hooghly, West-Bengal, India, 712102. ABSTRACT Melia azedarach plant or its parts (leaves, roots, and stem) are used for different medicinal purposes by indigenous and tribal people of different parts of India. They have been used this plant traditionally to treat dental pain, rheumatic pain, leprosy, itching, blood purifier, asthma, and cough. The analgesic efficacy of leaf methanolic extract was evaluated through radiant heat and tail flick techniques. Brewer's yeast-induced fever models in rats were used to assess the antipyretic efficacy. An actophotometer was used to track each mouse's spontaneous locomotor activity for 10 minutes. To assess muscle relaxant activity, mice (weight 30-40 g) were placed on a rotarod (32 mm diameter) at a speed of 20 rpm. For this study, mice with a latency period of 3-5 minutes were chosen for three consecutive sessions, and the time to fall off the rod was recorded. In comparison to the control group of mice, the methanolic extract at dose levels of 100 and 200 mg/kg demonstrated a central analgesic effect by significantly increasing reaction time in Eddy's hot plate method and tail flick method. Aspirin and methanolic extract of Melia azedarach at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively, began to display significant (p<0.05) antipyretic activity when compared to the control group. Methanolic extracts lowered motor coordination following oral therapy, according to motor coordination tests. Different dosages of extract altered pain and touch responses; modified righting, pinna, and corneal reflexes; and produced slight depression in patterns associated with alertness and consciousness as compared to control (0.9%w/v) normal saline. Melia azedarach extract has been demonstrated to have analgesic, antipyretic, muscle relaxing, and antidepressant qualities. KEYWORDS: Analgesic activity, Locomotor activity, Flavonoid, CNS depressant, Alkaloid, Hexadecanoic acid.