1530-437X (c) 2016 IEEE. Personal use is permitted, but republication/redistribution requires IEEE permission. See http://www.ieee.org/publications_standards/publications/rights/index.html for more information. This article has been accepted for publication in a future issue of this journal, but has not been fully edited. Content may change prior to final publication. Citation information: DOI 10.1109/JSEN.2017.2652720, IEEE Sensors Journal 1 Abstract— Historically, accurate knowledge of the size, behavior and spatial distribution of the human population has been useful for understanding many social and political processes and phenomenon. The quality and availability of census data for a growing proportion of the world’s population is continuing to deteriorate. Night lights have shown encouraging agreement between temporally stable lighted areas and various definitions of urban extent. Defense Meteorological Satellite Program- Optical Line Scanner (DMSP-OLS) sensor of US, acquires images at night. Night-time satellite imagery is evaluated as a means of estimating the population of all the cities of the world based on their areal extent in the image. Models derived from night-time satellite imagery have the potential to dramatically improve our knowledge of the spatial distribution and intensity of human presence on the surface of the plane. The area of Pakistan is 881,913 km² having population is about 200 million (2015), which is equivalent to 2.57% of the world population. By using the known population of urban areas in every year (1992- 2013) a total national population is also estimated using regression analysis having r 2 =0.87. Finally we conclude that DMSP-OLS can be used to monitor the population and their activities. Index Terms: OLS sensor, Frequency distribution Population dynamics, Regression analysis. I. INTRODUCTION Urbanization is the process by which large numbers of people become permanently concentrated in relatively small areas, forming cities or globally intertwined with economic development. Human being’s activities are the result of social Manuscript received November 28, 2016 P. Kumar is with Department of Geography as Research Scholar at Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India. (e-mail: pavan.jamia@gmail.com ). Prof. Haroon Sajjad is with Department of Geography as Professor at Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India. (e-mail: haroon.geog@gmail.com ). Rahinatu S. Alare is with the Institute for Environment and Sanitation Studies, University of Ghana as a Research Assistant (email; wusulu23@gmail.com ) Christopher D. Elvidge (Applied Earth Sciences, Stanford University, Scientist National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Boulder, Colorado, US). (e-mail: chris.elvidge@noaa.gov ). Raihan Ahmed is with Department of Geography as Research Scholar at Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India. (e-mail: raihan.geog@gmail.com ). Vinay Prasad Mandal is with Department of Geography as Research Scholar at Jamia Milia Islamia, New Delhi, India. (e-mail: vinnumandal@gmail.com ). and economic development especially those intensive activities occur in urban areas with economic factors and population agglomerating near cities. Global land cover maps are spatial classifications of the Earth’s surface [1-4]. They are traditionally focused on the major vegetated biomes and cropland areas, with urban areas being the residual. In studies of urban and industrial clustering, the identification of clusters’ geographic boundaries is an important research task. The night-time satellite sensor data provided by the DMSP/OLS have been used for global/continental urban mapping, showing linear relations with other socio-economic variables such as population, Gross Domestic Product, and electrical power consumption [5]-[7]. Night-time lights constitute a very appealing database that can be used to measure various different aspects of the human footprint on the planet. Researchers used DMSP-OLS data to create the first quantitative and accurate depiction of the artificial brightness of the night sky and make it available to the scientific community and governments. Nevertheless, the apparent proportionality between population and sky glow breaks down going from large scales to smaller scales and looking in more detail [8]-[11]. Considering artificial sky glow entails that the DMSP satellite sensors record much larger areas than just the immediate location of the lighting sources [12]. Using satellite observed night-time lights for delineating urban areas (Small et al., 2005) as it was found that the night-time light foci were related to human presence in the region, including urban settlements, mining, industries, and civil construction. Therefore DMSP night-time light foci are a valuable data source for global studies, modelling, and planning activities etc [13]-[17]. Light area at a country level and in the largest urban agglomerations has found that whereas most developing countries and cities are experiencing an incredible spatial growth in illumination. In this present study, an investigation has been carried out in parts of Pakistan to detect population using temporal data, which population is equivalent to 2.57% of the world population. The main purpose of this article is therefore to analyse and discuss the state of the art regarding dynamic population counting using the Night time DMSP- OLS satellite data by building a model for Pakistan as country level, which can be useful for urban researchers and practitioners [18]-[21]. . II. MATERIALS AND METHODS A. Study Area In the present study we have used the data of Pakistan. United States census bureau estimates the country’s Analysis of Urban Population Dynamics based on Residential Buildings Volume in Six Provinces of Pakistan using Operational Linescan System Sensors Pavan Kumar, Haroon Sajjad, Rahinatu S. Alare, Christopher D. Elvidge, Raihan Ahmed, Vinay Prasad Mandal