March 2019 | Volume 32 | Issue 1 | Page 185 Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research Research Article Introduction W heat (Triticum aestivum L.) is an important crop and staple food for the people of Pakistan. It contributes 34% to GDP (Anonymous, 2015). During recent studies, it has been reported that 100g of edible portion of wheat grains contain 11.50% proteins, 59.40% carbohydrates, 9.70% fats, 10.60% crude fbers and 1.80% ash (Agarwal et al., 2005). In Pakistan, wheat ranked frst as staple food followed by rice and maize. Te cultivated area of wheat has been recorded 8.49 million ha with production of 23.52 million tons (Anonymous, 2015). Tis alarming gap between ever increasing demand and current production is a big challenge for all plant scientists. Tis challenge can be met over by increasing: (a) area under production, (b) yield per unit area and (c) minimizing the production losses. Increasing area seems almost impossible because of constraints like drought, salinity, water logging and trends in urbanization. Te wheat crop is attacked by many diseases, of which rusts are of great importance. Tere are three types of rusts which are found on wheat. Leaf rust or brown rust is caused by Puccinia recondita f.sp. tritici while stripe rust or yellow rust is caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici and stem rust or black rust is caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici. Leaf and stripe rusts appear periodically on wheat crop and induce heavy losses in yield (Kolmer et al., 2009). Leaf rust or brown rust of wheat is a serious production hazard in wheat all over the world and is an air-borne foliar disease on which early maturing wheat cultivars largely escape serious rust damage. Round to oblong, brick-red pustules (uredia) appear on leaves, stems Abstract | Current research was depicted the level of resistance among the available wheat germplasm in Pakistan against the deadly rust disease. 152 lines of the wheat were screened against brown and yellow rust of wheat which are a serious pathosystem of wheat throughout the world. Some varieties were found resistant some were found moderately resistant while some were in susceptible response against the both rust disease. No variety was found to be resistant at all against the rust pathosystems. Correspondingly, in the results of yellow rust some varieties were found resistant and some were found to be the most susceptible on the record. Te epidemiological studies showed the correlation of the relative humidity of morning, evening and temperature positively in both of the rust disease. Fungicidal application showed great reduction in the management of the disease. Ateeq ur Rehman 1 , Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi 1 *, Ummad-ud-Din Umar 1 , Muhammad Irfan Zafar 1 , Faqeer Hussain 2 , Muhammad Asif Zulfqar 3 and Azhar Ali Khan 3 1 Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; 2 Ayub Agriculture Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan; 3 PARC, Research and Training Station, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan. Received | December 03, 2018; Accepted | January 06, 2019; Published | February 03, 2019 *Correspondence | Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi, Department of Plant Pathology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Email: atifnaqvi@bzu.edu.pk Citation | Rehman, A., S.A.H. Naqvi, U.D. Umar, M.I. Zafar, F. Hussain, M.A. Zulfqar and A.A. Khan 2019. Identifcation of resistance sources in wheat to brown and yellow rust. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, 32(1): 185-196. DOI | http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2019/32.1.185.196 Keywords | Triticum aestivum L., Leaf rust, Puccinia recondita f. sp. tritici, Stripe rust, Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici Identifcation of Resistance Sources in Wheat to Brown and Yellow Rust