Global Journal of Agricultural Innovation, Research & Development, 2022, 1-9
Published by Avanti Publishers
Global Journal of Agricultural Innovation,
Research & Development
ISSN (online): 2409-9813
Field Response of Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera) to Fruit Juice of
Some Botanicals and Implications for Bio-Rationale Pest
Management in Sudan
Mohammed E.E. Mahmoud
1,*
, Mohamed A. Kambal
2
, Sumaia M. Abukashwaa
2
,
Samira A. Mohammed
3
and Sunday Ekesi
3
1
Agricultural Research Corporation, P.O. Box:126, Wad Medani, Sudan
2
Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Sudan
3
International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology, Nairobi, Kenya
ARTICLE INFO
Article Type: Research Article
Keywords:
Tephritid
Botanicals
Lure and kill
Environmentally sound tool
Biorational Pest Management
Timeline:
Received: November 29, 2021
Accepted: January 26, 2022
Published: March 01, 2022
Citation: Mahmoud MEE, Kambal MA, Abukashwaa
SM, Mohammed SA, Ekesi S. Field Response of
Tephritid Fruit Flies (Diptera) to Fruit Juice of Some
Botanicals and Implications for Bio-Rationale Pest
Management in Sudan. Glob J Agric Innov Res Dev.
2022; 9: 1-9.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.15377/2409-9813.2022.09.1
_____________________
*Corresponding Author
Email: nazeerazo@yahoo.com
Tel: +966552652759
ABSTRACT
Fruit flies belonging to the order Tephritidae are the most notorious pests that attack
various fruit and vegetable species, causing severe economic losses. Guava orchards at
Elfaki Hashim; North of Khartoum, (Khartoum State) and Elsawagi Elgenobia (Kassala State)
in the middle and east of Sudan respectively were selected to assess the response of some
Tephritids to water extracts (WE) of mango, guava, apple, cucumber, and ready-made juice
of mango (Crystal
®
; Crystal Industrial Co. Ltd, Araak Group; crystal@araak.com) against
Torula yeast (a standard fruit fly attractant) and water (control) baited in locally made traps.
The trial was performed as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) replicated 3 times
for 5 consecutive weeks at each site. Highly significant differences were recorded between
attractants and the interaction between attractants and times (weeks) on trapping different
species of fruit flies. Five species of fruit flies; Ceratitis capitata, Bactrocera dorsalis,
Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Ceratitis cosyra, and Ceratitis quinaria, were found to respond
positively to all tested materials at both sites. The greatest number of C. capitata flies was
caught by traps equipped with ready-made Crystal
®
mango juice at the Elfaki Hashim site.
The mean number of B. dorsalis attracted to the WEs of mango and guava at Elsawagi
Elgenobia site was statistically identical to that of the same species lured to Torula yeast,
83.7, 70.3, and 111.5 flies /trap/week, respectively. Attractants extracted from botanicals are
cost-free and easily prepared by farmers for mass trapping of fruit flies. More studies
regarding active ingredients, doses, and the number of traps utilized per area should be
considered.
© 2022 Mahmoud et al. Published by Avanti Publishers. This is an open access article licensed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Non-Commercial License which permits unrestricted, non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the work is
properly cited. (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)