Advances in Entomology, 2022, 10, 287-299 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ae ISSN Online: 2331-2017 ISSN Print: 2331-1991 DOI: 10.4236/ae.2022.104021 Aug. 30, 2022 287 Advances in Entomology Natural Enemies and Pest Control in Field-Grown Crop in Southern Senegal Etienne Tendeng 1,2,* , Babacar Labou 1 , El Hadji Serigne Sylla 1 , Amadou Baldé 1 , Mamadou Diatte 1 , Oumar Seydi 1 , Issa Alé Ndiaye 1 , Pape Diop 1 , Serigne Omar Sène 1 , Saliou Djiba 2 , Karamoko Diarra 1 1 UCAD, Integrated Production and Protection Laboratory in Agroecosystems (L2PIA), Faculty of Science and Technology, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal 2 ISRA, Entomology Laboratory of Djibélor Agricultural Research Centre, Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research, Ziguinchor, Senegal Abstract Crop pests are a permanent threat to horticultural production. Several control methods are recommended for their control, including biological control. This method based on the use of natural enemies is not well established. The objective of this study was to assess the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of crop pests. A survey of crops associated with pests was carried out on 144 fields in southern Senegal to measure the diversity and abundance of natural enemies of various crop pests, determine the native parasitoid complex and assess parasitism rates. Ecological indices were calculated to assess the diver- sity of natural enemies. A total of 25 natural enemy species were identified, in- cluding 15 parasitoids and 10 predators. Predatory Hemiptera and Parasitoid Hymenoptera were high biodiversity. The parasitism rates vary between 0 and 50% depending on the abundance of pests and parasitoid species. Knowledge of the diversity of natural enemies and the understanding of trophic interactions with pests are important in the development of biological crop protection in order to preserve resilience in agroecosystems. Keywords Biodiversity, Agroecosystem, Crop Protection, Pests, Market Gardening, Biological Control 1. Introduction In Senegal, market gardening is mainly developed in the Niayes agro-ecological zone where pests cause a significant loss of crops [1] [2]. In Senegal’s agro-ecological How to cite this paper: Tendeng, E., Labou, B., Sylla, E.H.S., Baldé, A., Diatte, M., Seydi, O., Ndiaye, I.A., Diop, P., Sène, S.O., Djiba, S. and Diarra, K. (2022) Natural Enemies and Pest Control in Field-Grown Crop in South- ern Senegal. Advances in Entomology, 10, 287-299. https://doi.org/10.4236/ae.2022.104021 Received: July 27, 2022 Accepted: August 27, 2022 Published: August 30, 2022 Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access