659 Copyright © 2019, IGI Global. Copying or distributing in print or electronic forms without written permission of IGI Global is prohibited. Chapter 30 DOI: 10.4018/978-1-5225-6915-2.ch030 ABSTRACT The management of chronic diseases requires the continuous monitoring and control of an extensive set of medical and lifestyle parameters afecting the health status of patients. The purpose of this chapter is to present an overview of the state of the art in wearable medical systems and mobile self-management support interventions in the daily care of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes. In both cases, research and commercial approaches to the integration of specialized sensors in a wearable smart module are presented and their ability to provide real-time estimations for crucial parameters is emphasized. Moreover, special emphasis is placed on mobile self-monitoring ap- plications which are progressively enhanced with decision support, pattern recognition and predictive capabilities which can be used by the patient. The way in which mobile health technology can improve health outcomes is discussed and future research directions are described. INTRODUCTION Chronic conditions are those which are long-term (lasting more than 6 months) and can have a significant effect on a person’s life. They are generally hereditary or the result of factors such as poor diet and living conditions, using tobacco or other harmful substances, or a sedentary lifestyle. Chronic diseases may get worse, lead to death, be cured, remain dormant or require continual monitoring. At the same time chronic illness has a profound effect on the physical, emotional and mental well-being of individuals, often making it difficult to carry on with daily routines and relationships (Nuovo, 2006). However, in mHealth Environments for Chronic Disease Management Eleni I. Georga University of Ioannina, Greece Athanasios N. Papadopoulos University of Ioannina, Greece Dimitrios I. Fotiadis University of Ioannina, Greece & Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Greece