Copyright © 2018 Airlangga Mardjono et. al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
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International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7 (3.29) (2018) 134-137
International Journal of Engineering & Technology
Website: www.sciencepubco.com/index.php/IJET
Research paper
Effectivity of kiwi and sukamahi dam on jakarta flood
control
Airlangga Mardjono
1
*, Pitojo Tri Juwono
1
, Lily Montarcih Limantara
1
, Ery Suhartanto
1
1
Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Brawijaya University, Malang, Indonesia commission on Large Dam (Inac-
old), Jakarta, Indonesia
*Corresponding author E-mail: ariemardjono234@yahoo.com
Abstract
Various infrastructures such as flood levees, dams and reservoirs of flood control began to be developed in the 19th century to the 20th
century. These buildings are very effective in controlling the flow of rivers and preventing flood waters from entering residential areas
located in flood-prone areas. Flooding in urban areas has a huge impact, covering all aspects of life as well as on the landscape. Ciliwung
is one of the rivers that allegedly contributed to the problem of flood in Jakarta, various engineering done on Ciliwung to help control
flooding in Jakarta. One of the engineering done is the construction plan of Ciawi Reservoir and Sukamahi Reservoir. In this research, the
writer performed the flood calculation using Nakayasu while method of flooding is calculated using the pool routine level method. The
effectiveness of these two reservoirs can be determined by simulating floods in the existing condition and comparing them with the flood
simulation after the construction of the dam. The final test of this research is to determine the effectiveness level of Ciawi and Sukamahi
dam infrastructure in reducing flood volume in Jakarta.
Keywords: Effectivity; Flood Infrastructure; Flood Simulation; Pool Routing Level
1. Introduction
Jakarta is the capital city of Indonesia, the city is located between 5
° 19'12 '' - 6 ° 23'54 "LS and 106 ° 22'42" - 106 ° 58'18 "East lon-
gitude with an average height of approximately 7 ASL (Above the
sea level). Jakarta has an area of ± 664 km2 with a population of
9.6 million inhabitants who are in 2.2 million families in 2010[1].
As the administrative, governmental and economic center, Jakarta
has developed very rapidly to the surrounding buffer zone. The Cili-
wung River is one of 13 rivers that passes through Jakarta and emp-
ties into the Java Sea. In addition, this river is a very influential river
in Jakarta. Ciliwung has a river length of 120 km, with a watershed
area of 400 km2. The Ciliwung watershed is one of the watersheds
in Indonesia that falls into the watershed category with critical con-
dition [2]. This is due to the transfer of land function in the upstream
area from its initial function is as a catchment area into tourist areas
and settlements.
Of the 13 rivers flowing in DKI Jakarta, the Ciliwung River has the
greatest impact during the rainy season as it flows across many vil-
lages, densely populated housing, and slums. From population sta-
tistics of DKI Jakarta, it is known that the people who live on the
banks of the River Ciliwung for 350,000 people with the number of
buildings as many as 70,000 units. The river is considered a river
that suffered the worst damage compared to other rivers in Jakarta
and has the potential to cause flooding in Jakarta.
Flood is one of the disaster that almost every year hit Jakarta. The
largest floods that occurred in the last decade occurred in 2007. This
flood inundated more than 40% of Jakarta City, 80 people died and
340,000 were displaced [3]. Various efforts have been made by the
government in flood prevention, both structurally and non-structur-
ally. Structurally flood control systems in the Ciliwung River in-
clude the creation of a number of flood wire or flood observation
posts. In addition, prevention of flood flooding to certain heights
with embankments, as well as lowering the flood water level with
normalization, sludge, canal flood, and interconnection. The core
concept of the canal flood is the control of water flow from up-
stream and regulate the volume of water entering Jakarta. In addi-
tion, the government is also working to minimize flood discharge
with reservoirs, as well as to reduce puddles with polders, pumps
and drainage systems.
The main problem in controlling rainfall runoff in urban areas gen-
erally consists of the need to control peak discharge and flow depth
throughout the system, in order to avoid undesired puddles. Peak
discharge is a commonly chosen alternative. These additives have
the added benefit of allowing for infiltration and evaporation so that
in addition to reducing peak discharge also minimizes runoff vol-
ume. Temporary in-situ or pool-like containers as well as a sedi-
ment container, can also serve as a means of controlling water qual-
ity.
Many studies and flood control efforts have been undertaken to re-
duce the flood loss occurring in Jakarta. Ciawi and Sukamahi Dam
is one of the infrastructure designed by the government to reduce
the peak flood and increase the peak flood time in Jakarta. Dry Dam
Ciawi and Sukamahi are the first dry dams built in Indonesia. Dry
dams can be used to temporarily withstand excess water during
floods and freely deliver during normal conditions [4]. The purpose
of this study is to calculate the effectiveness of the construction of
Ciawi and Sukamahi reservoirs as one of the infrastructures that
will function as one of the means to reduce the flood peak in Jakarta.
2. Study area description
Astronomically, the Ciliwung River is located at 6ᴼ05'-6ᴼ50 'LS and
106ᴼ40'-107ᴼ00' BT. The Ciliwung River Basin area is limited by