111 Volume 4 • Issue 1 • 1000114 Int J Earth Sci Geol.
ISSN: 2642-1569
International
Journal of Earth Science and Geology
ISSN: 2642-1569
Research Article Open Access
A.T. Abdalrhman
1
*, T.G. Fagier
1
*, N.H. Abakar
1
*, E.M. Abdelrhman
2
, A. M. Khairy
1
, K.A.Ali
1
and I. Khalifa
1
1
Geological Research Authority of Sudan, Sudan
2
Alneelain University, Sudan
Article Info
*Corresponding author:
A.T. Abdalrhman
Geological Research Authority of Sudan
Sudan
E-mail: ahmedtarig559@gmail.com
Received: January 05, 2022
Accepted: April 27, 2022
Published: May 16, 2022
Citation: Abdalrhman AT, Fagier TG, Abakar
NH, Abdelrhman EM, Khairy AM, Ali KA,
Khalifa I. The Paleodepositional Environments
in the Shandi Sub-Basin as part of the
Atbara Basin, North Sudan. Int J Earth Sci
Geol. 2022; 4(1): 111-120.
doi: 10.18689/ijeg-1000115
Copyright: © 2022 The Author(s). This work
is licensed under a Creative Commons
Attribution 4.0 International License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and
reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited.
Published by Madridge Publishers
Abstract
This study describes the lithofacies diagnoses and the depositional environments of
the Shendi sub-basin (a part of Atbara Basin) in North Sudan. Several full body fossils
were observed in the study area such as trilobites, conulariids, Gyrophyllites and
Archaeocyathids, in addition a number of trace fossils such as Rhizocorallium, and
skolithos were reported. These fossils indicate deposition in a range of marine
environments from intertidal to deep water. Furthermore, Herringbone cross-
stratification is observed and it suggested a shallow water environment.
Two formations can be identified in the Shendi sub-basin; the lower formation was
deposited in a range of shallow to deep marine environments of probable Lower Cambrian
age while the upper formation of the ‘Nubian Sandstone’ was most likely deposited in fluvial
environments of the Upper Cretaceous age. The lower formation is composed of four facies
form bottom to top as; shale facies, carbonate facies, siltstone, fine sandstone facies, and
chert facies. This study reveals the presence of the Archaeocyathids of Cambrian age, the
oldest formation of the Paleozoic marine sedimentary rock ever found in Sudan.
Keywords: Shendi sub basin, Elbarda Abu telaih formation, Archaeocyatha, Lower Cambrian
1. Introduction
The study area occupies 2475 km
2
land lies west of Shendi town on the western
bank of the River Nile around Jebel Abu Telaih and Jebel Elbarda 150 km northeast of
Khartoum (Fig 1), between latitudes (16º 40’ 00’’) (17º 10’ 00’’) and longitudes (33º 05’
00’’) (33º 30’ 00’’). It is surrounded by the Pre-Cambrian units in Arab-Nubian Shield.
Basins in this area were caused by rifting of the shield due to break up of Gondwanaland
(Worrall, 1957, Whiteman, 1971). Paleozoic sediments are sometimes preserved in the
deeper parts of the rifts basins.
Previous studies divided the main geological units in the study area into basement
complex (Precambrian age), Nubian sandstone (Upper Cretaceous), Hudi chert
(Oligocene), and Quaternary superficial deposits (Awad, 1994; Mukhtar, 1999) Basement
crops out in the north around Mukabrab village and in the south in Um Shadida village
(Kheirallah,1966).
Awad (1994) classified the Nubian sandstone into three sequences (lower, middle
and upper), the lower is sandstone overlying the basement, and the middle part is
ferruginous shale. The upper sequence is a sandstone that crops out in escarpments and
in the inselbergs.
The Paleodepositional Environments in the
Shendi Sub-Basin as part of the Atbara Basin,
North Sudan