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Design of Slow Wave Structure for G-band TWT
for High Data Rate Links
Rupa Basu. Laxma R. Billa, Jeevan M. Rao, Rosa Letizia, Claudio Paoloni
Engineering Department
Lancaster University
Lancaster, UK
c.paoloni@lancaster.ac.uk
Abstract— The need of high data rate can be satisfied only
by wide frequency bands in the millimetre wave region. This
paper presents the design of a G-band (215 – 250 GHz)
Traveling Wave Tube with 40 dB gain for wireless
communications, based on the double corrugated waveguide.
The structure of the TWT is based on a single section, instead of
the typical configuration of two sections with a sever used at
microwave frequency. This is possible due to the high losses at
those frequency that permit a stable behaviour. This paper
reports both cold and hot simulations.
Keywords— TWT, G-band, double corrugated waveguide,
millimetre waves
I. INTRODUCTION
The G-band (about 205 – 310 GHz) offer about 100 GHz
useful bandwidth for high data rate internet distribution. So far
data rate up to 40 Gb/s has been demonstrated [1]. The high
atmosphere attenuation and the lack of enough transmission
power limit the range to a few tens of meters, even by using
high gain antennas. G-band solid-state amplifiers are still in
development phase, however, it is unlikely to achieve output
power above 50 - 100 mW. A rough link budget calculation
provides that at least one Watt is needed to achieve useful
range above 500m. Recently, traveling wave tubes (TWT)
have been considered to as enabling devices for long links at
millimetre waves. TWTs have proved to provide multi-Watt
output power that satisfy the link specifications [1 - 4].
In this paper, the design ofa G-band (215 – 250 GHz)
TWT, to power a multigigabit per second transmitter, will be
described. Simulations of the cold parameters and large signal
performance will be described. The TWT is designed with the
double corrugated waveguide (DCW) as slow wave structure
[5]. Differently, from microwave helix TWTs, it has been
designed with a single section without sever. This approach is
possible because of the high ohmic losses in the slow wave
structure at these frequencies. A single DCW section permits
to achieve about 40 dB gain. In the following, it will be
discussed also the stable operation of the TWT.
In a previous work, a DCW with 160 periods [6] was
considered for a moderate gain TWT, based on one section
without the sever. A study on a longer DCW to achieve about
40 dB gain is proposed.
II. TWT DESIGN
A. Double Corrugated Waveguide Design
The design of the DCW started with the dimensioning of the
geometry of the unit cell to achieve the useful bandwidth with
proper beam synchronism, given the beam voltage. The
voltage of the electron beam is set at 12.3 kV.
This value is a compromise between the best focusing, the
power supply cost and the energy of the electrons for a
relatively high efficiency. The dimensions were optimised to
assure the proper synchronism of the phase velocity with the
electron beam over the 215- 250 GHz frequency band.
B. S-parameters
Once the correct dispersion is achieved, a complete circuit
to connect the DCW to the input and output flanges was
designed. The output and input coupler consist of a number of
pillars tapered in height to provide the TE10 mode at the
flanges. The DCW interaction section has 220 periods and
each coupler includes 15 periods. The S-parameters of the
complete circuit were computed by CST- transient solver.
The reflection coefficient (S11) better than -20 dB is obtained
over the desired operating band, assuring a high-quality
matching (Fig. 2).
Fig 2. S- parameters for the DCW.
Fig. 1. Double Corrugated Waveguide Unit Cell