Case Series
Single Coronary Artery from Right Sinus of Valsalva: A Single
Center Experience of Seven Cases
Kanhai Lalani,
1
M. Sudhakar Rao ,
1
Padmakumar Ramachandran,
1
A. J. Ashwal,
1
Abdul U. K. Razak,
1
Tom Devasia,
1
Ganesh Paramasivam,
1
and Pankti Parikh
2
1
Department of Cardiology, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal,
Karnataka 576104, India
2
Department of Endocrinology, St. John’s Medical College, St. John’s National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore,
Karnataka 560034, India
Correspondence should be addressed to M. Sudhakar Rao; msudhakar88@gmail.com
Received 2 March 2022; Revised 15 August 2022; Accepted 5 October 2022; Published 20 October 2022
Academic Editor: Robert Soufer
Copyright © 2022 Kanhai Lalani et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Background. Single coronary artery (SCA) is a rare anomaly with a prevalence of 0.024–0.066%. Some anomalies are merely
benign anatomical variants, whereas some can result in myocardial ischemia or life-threatening arrhythmia. Case Presentation.
We described seven cases in which all three major coronaries emerged from the right sinus of Valsalva via a single ostium and
supplied the vast majority of the myocardium. A smaller branch arising from the left sinus supplied a modest quantity of
myocardium in some of those few cases. ese SCA variations do not exactly fit into any existing classification. It is unclear
whether we need to modify previous classification systems or newer classification systems. Conclusions. SCA is divided based on its
anomalous course and is usually a benign condition but it may present with cardiovascular complications. Clinicians should be
aware of this entity along with the role of CT angiogram in its diagnosis and management.
1. Background
Coronary anomalies are usually incidentally diagnosed
during coronary angiogram (CAG), CT coronary angiogram
(CCTA), or autopsy studies and affect 0.3–5.6% of the
general population [1]. ese anomalies differ in number,
location, coronary origin, and ostium orientation. A single
coronary artery (SCA) is defined as “an isolated coronary
artery that arises from a single coronary ostium and provides
blood supply to the entire myocardium” [2]. ey may or
may not be associated with structural heart disease.
According to the published literature, the prevalence of SCA
in the general population is very low, ranging from 0.024 to
0.066% [1, 3]. e majority of SCA are asymptomatic.
However, in some cases, severe life-threatening arrhythmias,
myocardial infarction, or sudden cardiac death may occur,
requiring medical or surgical intervention or coronary
revascularisation procedures [3].
1.1. Case Presentation. We reviewed 28,148 coronary an-
giograms performed at the Department of Cardiology,
Kasturba Medical College and Hospital in Southern Kar-
nataka, from 2014 to 2020 and reported 7 cases of the single
coronary artery from the right sinus, including its variant,
implying a prevalence of 0.025 percent in our population.
We described seven cases of a single coronary artery that
originated from the right sinus of Valsalva via a common
ostium and supplied the majority of the myocardium.
1.1.1. Case 1. A 59-year-old hypertensive and diabetic fe-
male presented with a history of exertional fatigue NYHA
(New York Heart Association) class II and nonanginal chest
pain for the last 2 years. e electrocardiogram (ECG) and
echocardiogram were normal but her treadmill test (TMT)
was positive at 8 METS (metabolic equivalents) without any
symptoms. e right and left sinus of Valsalva were
Hindawi
Case Reports in Medicine
Volume 2022, Article ID 1513474, 7 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/1513474