Australasian Conference on Information Systems Dang-Pham, Hoang, Vo, Kautz 2020, Wellington Explainable Information Security: Construct and Instrument 1 Explainable Information Security: Development of a Construct and Instrument Completed research paper Duy Dang-Pham School of Science and Technology RMIT Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Email: duy.dangphamthien@rmit.edu.vn Ai-Phuong Hoang School of Business and Management RMIT Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Email: phuong.hoangai@rmit.edu.vn Diem-Trang Vo School of Business and Management RMIT Vietnam Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Email: trang.vothidiem1@rmit.edu.vn Karlheinz Kautz School of Accounting, Information Systems and Supply Chain RMIT University Melbourne, Australia Email: karlheinz.kautz@rmit.edu.au Abstract Despite the increasing efforts to encourage information security (InfoSec) compliance, employees’ refusal to follow and adopt InfoSec remains a challenge for organisations. Advancements in the behavioural InfoSec field have recently highlighted the importance of developing usable and employee- centric InfoSec that can motivate InfoSec compliance more effectively. In this research, we conceptualise the theoretical structure for a new concept called explainable InfoSec and develop a research instrument for collecting data about this concept. Data was then collected from 724 office workers via an online survey. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed to validate the theoretical structure of the explainable InfoSec construct, and we performed structural equation modelling to examine the construct’s impact on intention to comply with organisational InfoSec. T he validated theoretical structure of explainable InfoSec consists of two dimensions, fairness and transparency, and the construct was found to positively influence compliance intention. Keywords: explainable information security, fairness, accountability, transparency, information security compliance