4 Legislative aspects C. Nuccetelli*, G. de With † , R. Trevisi ‡ , N. Vanhoudt § , S. Pepin ¶ , H. Friedmann**, G. Xhixha †† , W. Schroeyers ‡‡ , J. Aguiar §§ , J. Hondros ¶¶ , B. Michalik***, K. Kovler ††† , A. Janssens ‡‡‡ , R. Wiegers §§§ *National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy, † Nuclear Research and consultancy Group (NRG), Arnhem, The Netherlands, ‡ National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), Rome, Italy, § Belgian Nuclear Research Centre (SCK l CEN), Mol, Belgium, ¶ Federal Agency for Nuclear Control, Brussels, Belgium, ** University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria, †† University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania, ‡‡ Hasselt University, CMK, NuTeC, Diepenbeek, Belgium, §§ University of Minho, Guimara ˜ es, Portugal, ¶¶ JRHC Enterprises Pty Ltd, Aldgate, SA, Australia, *** Glowny Instytut Gornictwa, Katowice, Poland, ††† Technion – Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel, ‡‡‡ BVS-ABR-Association Belge de Radioprotection, Gent, Belgium, §§§ IBR Consult BV, Haelen, Netherlands 4.1 Introduction Guide for the reader: Structure of chapter “4”: This chapter contains a lot of information on the new European approach to regulate natural radio- activity in building materials. l The main Directive that deals with natural radioactivity in building materials is the Euratom- Basic Safety Standards Directive (EU-BSS) and its approach to regulate building materials is described in Section 4.3. Some additional information on the link with the Construction Prod- ucts Regulation (CPR) is provided in Section 4.3.1. l For the reader who wants to explore the history of the EU-BSS and several important earlier documents in greater depth we refer to Section 4.2. l For the reader who wonders how the Euratom drinking water Directive might impact on build- ing materials we refer to Section 4.4. l In Sections 4.5 and 4.6 current national legislations on natural radioactivity in building mate- rials are considered in more detail. l Several tools are described for the screening of the radiological properties of building materials. These tools are discussed in Section 4.7. It is well known that, owing to their natural radionuclide content, building materials give the most significant contribution to the indoor gamma dose (UNSCEAR, 2008). This is why for some 30 years researchers have investigated building materials from a radiological point of view and why, more recently, regulators have recognized build- ing materials to be an important issue from the radiation protection (RP) point of view. The recycling of NORM residues in building materials may be a sustainable option to counteract the further depletion of valuable raw materials. For the evaluation of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Materials in Construction. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102009-8.00004-9 Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd and Rob Wiegers. All rights reserved.