~ 165 ~ International Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Pathology 2021; 4(1): 165-169 ISSN (P): 2617-7226 ISSN (E): 2617-7234 www.patholjournal.com 2021; 4(1): 165-169 Received: 20-01-2021 Accepted: 24-02-2021 Dr. Ankita Varma Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Vinay Bharat Professor, Department of Pathology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Shweta Chawla Grover Professor, Department of Pathology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Dr. Rani Bansal Professor and Head, Department of Pathology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Corresponding Author: Dr. Ankita Varma Junior Resident, Department of Pathology, Subharti Medical College, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, India Cytologic comparative analysis between stained and unstained smears of urine sediment in urinary tract pathologies Dr. Ankita Varma, Dr. Vinay Bharat, Dr. Shweta Chawla Grover and Dr. Rani Bansal DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/pathol.2021.v4.i1c.343 Abstract Aim: To analyse the routine microscopic examination of urine specimens in urinary tract pathologies and compare the cytological examination of unstained and stained urine sediment samples (Papanicolaou and Romanowsky stains) to establish clinicocytological correlation. Material and Method: The present study was conducted among 500 patients coming to either OPD /admitted to CSSH with urinary pathology. In patients with a clinical history suggestive of any urinary pathology freshly voided urine samples were collected. Samples were centrifuged at 1500rpm for 10 minutes. In case of less cellularity, Cytospin at 3000rpm for 5-10 minutes was done. From the sediment, three smears were prepared i.e. smear 1 (routine urine microscopy), smear 2 by Romanowsky stain (Leishman Geimsa) and smear 3 by Papanicolaou method. Results: In the current study, urinary tract pathologies were found to be more common in females (326) as compared to males (174). Majority of patients were in the 3rd and 4th decade of life accounting for 184 cases (38%) and 153 cases (36%) respectively. Stained smears detect high n/c ratio, pus cells, bacilli/fungi and bare nuclei among 95.85%, 99.07%, 99.07% and 0%of UTI samples respectively, while unstained smears detect high n/c ratio, pus cells, bacilli/fungi and bare nuclei in 91.24%, 96.3%, 97.23% and 44.24% of the UTI samples respectively. Conclusion: We can conclude that this study demonstrates the high correlation between the cytological examination of urine specimen in fresh smears and in the Papanicolaou-stained smears. Keywords: Urine, pathology, tumour, cytology Introduction Urine is a body fluid that has the potential to answer many of the body's secrets [1] . Evaluation of microscopic urinary findings rests on adequate recognition of cellular elements and casts. This has always been a difficult task since the cells may originate from diverse tissues such as epithelial layers of the urinary and genital tracts, blood and connective tissue sources, or tumors, and are likely to show variable degrees of degeneration, viability, permeability, and density when shed into the urine [2] . Cytological examination of urine includes urine sediment analysis that may be freshly urinated, catheterized or obtained by percutaneous puncture [3] . Urine cytology is useful in the detection and diagnosis of various benign diseases and conditions such as infections of different etiologies and in distinguishing hematuria from the upper and/or lower urinary tract. Indications for cytological examination of the urine are: screening of asymptomatic patients exposed to carcinogens, triage of symptomatic patients, detection of non-neoplastic, premalignant and malignant lesions, metastatic tumors, lesions that cannot be detected by cystoscopy orbiopsy, and monitoring of therapy (Ostović, 2015) [4] . The cytological diagnosis of these neoplastic cells is very difficult in low-grade tumors. The sensitivity of cytology for the diagnosis of bladder cancer is not very high; this is mainly due to the minimal morphological differences between the normal cells and the cellular groups exfoliated from low-degree tumors [5, 6] . The aim of this study is to explore the importance of role of cytological examination of urinary samples observed in fresh stained (by Papanicolaou's and Leishman Geimsa) and unstained smears of urine sediment in urinary tract pathologies. The observation of fresh urine sediment can identify different pathologies that will subsequently be correlated by Pap staining.