377 Paediatric Urology GUIDELINES ON PAEDIATRIC UROLOGY (Limited text update February 2012) S. Tekgül (co-chairman), H. Riedmiller (co-chairman), H.S. Dogan, P. Hoebeke, R. Kocvara, J.M. Nijman (vice-chair- man), Chr. Radmayr, R. Stein Introduction Due to the scope of the extended Guidelines on Paediatric Urology, no attempt has been made to include all topics, but rather to provide a selection based on practical considera- tions. PHIMOSIS Background At the end of the first year of life, retraction of the foreskin behind the glanular sulcus is possible in only about 50% of boys. The phimosis is either primary (physiological) with no sign of scarring, or secondary (pathological), resulting from scarring due to conditions such as balanitis xerotica obliter- ans. Phimosis must be distinguished from normal agglutination of the foreskin to the glans, which is a physiological phenom- enon. If the tip remains narrow and glanular adhesions were separated, then the space is filled with urine during voiding, causing the foreskin to balloon outward.