Isotopes and new norms: investigating the emergence of early modern UK breastfeeding practices at St. Nicholas Kirk, Aberdeen Britton, Kate 1,2* (k.britton@abdn.ac.uk), McManus-Fry, Ellen 1 (e.mcmanus- fry@reading.ac.uk), Cameron, Alison 3 (cameronarch@btinternet.com), Duffy, Paul 4 (discoverbutearchaeology@gmail.com), Edouard Masson-Maclean 1 (e.masson- maclean@abdn.ac.uk), Orsolya Czére 1 (o.czere@abdn.ac.uk), Nicola Smith 1 (nicola.smith.13@aberdeen.ac.uk), Judith Stones 5 (judith.stones@btinternet.com), Winfield, Arthur 6 (arthurjwinfield@yahoo.com) and Gundula Müldner 7 (g.h.mueldner@reading.ac.uk) 1 Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St. Mary’s Building, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK 2 Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Deutscher Platz 6, 04103, Leipzig, Germany 3 Cameron Archaeology, Aberdeen, UK 4 Brandanii Archaeology and Heritage, Isle of Bute, UK 5 Aberdeen Art Gallery & Museums, Aberdeen, UK 6 Project Leader, Mither Kirk Project, OpenSpace Trust, Kirk of St Nicholas Uniting, Aberdeen, UK 7 Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, UK *Corresponding author Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St. Mary’s Building, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF, UK Tel: +44 (0) 1224 273823 Fax: +44 (0) 1224 272331 Keywords: weaning; medieval; post-medieval; urbanism; diet; stable isotopes; bone collagen Running title: Breastfeeding practices in Medieval & early modern Aberdeen, Scotland