ORIGINAL PAPERS Family Medicine & Primary Care Review 2021; 23(3): 301–306 © Copyright by Wydawnictwo Contnuo Investgaton of the efect of postpartum home visit interventon on promotng mothers’ exclusive breasteeding in Falavarjan, Isfahan Province: clinical trial research Razieh Fallahnejad 1, B, E, F , Mahnaz zaRshenas 2, A, D, E–G , Mahbobeh Valiani 3, F , ORCID ID: 0000-0002-8231-5844 ORCID ID: 0000-0002-9536-0767 ORCID ID: 0000-0003-3955-4628 MehRab saysdi 4, C, D , MaRzieh akbaRzadeh 5, A, C, E–G ORCID ID: 0000-0002-4491-2437 1 department of Midwifery, school of nursing and Midwifery, shiraz University of Medical sciences, shiraz, iran 2 Community based Psychiatric Care Research Center, department of Midwifery, school of nursing and Midwifery, shiraz University of Medical sciences, shiraz, iran 3 department of Midwifery, nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, school of nursing and Midwifery, isfahan University of Medical sciences, isfahan, iran 4 Student Research Commitee, School of Medicine, Department of Biostatstcs, Shiraz University of Medical sciences, shiraz, iran 5 Maternal-Fetal Medicine Research Center, department of Midwifery, school of nursing and Midwifery, shiraz University of Medical sciences, shiraz, iran A – study design, B – Data Collecton, C – Statstcal Analysis, D – Data Interpretaton, E – Manuscript Preparaton, F – literature search, G – Funds Collecton Background. Exclusive breasteeding is the most ideal way to feed infants in the frst 6 months of life. Various interventons have been made to encourage mothers to maintain exclusive breasteeding. Objectves. The aim of this study was to investgate the efect of postpartum home visits on exclusive breasteeding. Material and methods. The study was conducted in March 2020 and is a contnuaton of the clinical trial from 1988 conducted at the Department Imam Khomeini Hospital Falavarjan, which was performed on 100 mothers. They were randomly assigned into two groups of 50 partcipant. The interventon group received care at home, and the control group received postpartum care through the health center. Data analysis was performed using SPSS sofware, version 16. The signifcance level of the test was considered as 5% (p < 0.001). Results. The mean age of the mothers was 27 ± 6.89 years. Exclusive breasteeding at the end of day 42 afer delivery was 84% in the interventon group and 38% in the control group. There was a signifcant diference (p ≤ 0.001) between the two groups. 64% of moth- ers in the breasteeding interventon group breasteeding according to the desire and demand of the infan the baby compared to 10% in the control group. The use of pacifer was 16% in the interventon group and 28% in the control group. There was a signifcant difer- ence (p ≤ 0.001) between feeding the infant with sugar water, and this was 4% in the interventon group and 28% in the control group. Conclusions. Visitng and educatng mothers at home afer discharge has a signifcant efect on exclusive breasteeding during the neonatal period. Key words: house calls, breast feeding, exclusive breasteeding, postpartum period. Summary ISSN 1734-3402, eISSN 2449-8580 This is an Open Access artcle distributed under the terms of the Creatve Commons Atributon-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 Internatonal (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). License (htp://creatvecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/). Fallahnejad R, Zarshenas M, Valiani M, Saysdi M, Akbarzadeh M. Investgaton of the efect of postpartum home visit interventon on promotng mothers’ exclusive breasteeding in Falavarjan, Isfahan Province: clinical trial research. Fam Med Prim Care Rev 2021; 23(3): 301–306, doi: https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108194. https://doi.org/10.5114/fmpcr.2021.108194 Background The future of a society is based on the health of the children of that society. In the early stages of life, breast milk is undoubt- edly a food that ofen has features for ideal nutriton [1]. The efect of breast milk on the health of the infant and mother, the growth and survival of the infant, the reducton of mortality and disability, the satsfacton of the emotonal needs of the mother and infant and the economic savings in the family and society have been proven [2]. Breasteeding has preventatve efects to reduce complicatons and death, diarrhea and intestnal bleed- ing, abdominal pain, asthma, acute respiratory infectons, atopic diseases and jaundice during the neonatal period. It also reduc- es the risk of diabetes, weight gain and obesity in the future. Ex- clusive breasteeding reduces the risk of acute respiratory infec- tons by fve tmes and the risk of dying from these diseases by four tmes [3–5]. In a study by Horta et al., breasteeding was re- ported to reduce the risk of type II diabetes by 35% [6]. A meta- -analysis of 113 studies also showed that breasteeding reduced the risk of obesity/overweight by 26% [7]. It is exclusive breast- feeding that is recommended as normal infant feeding in the frst six months of life [8]. One of the primary health care goals is maternal and infant health. One way to ensure the health of the infant is to implement an exclusive breasteeding plan untl the age of six months and to contnue breasteeding along with supplementary food untl the age of two [9]. Despite numerous recommendatons about breasteeding, rates of breasteeding are partcularly low, even in industrialized countries. The Center for disease Control reported that the prevalence of exclusive breasteeding by the sixth month was 21.9% in 2015 [10]. Ac- cording to the latest data from the World Health Organizaton, 35% of all children under the age of six months in the world are exclusively breasted. The goals of exclusive breasteeding have not been achieved in Iran, and the Ministry of Health in 2006 re-