Citation: Carmona-Gallegos, S.Z.; Duran-Bonilla, C.E.; Abboud, K.; Gongora-Torres, J.M.; Vargas-Rosales, C. The Interplanetary Internet for Observation and Monitoring of the Solar System. Eng. Proc. 2022, 27, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ecsa-9-13328 Academic Editor: Stefano Mariani Published: 1 November 2022 Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affil- iations. Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/). Proceeding Paper The Interplanetary Internet for Observation and Monitoring of the Solar System † Shalom Z. Carmona-Gallegos, Christian E. Duran-Bonilla, Karina Abboud , Juan Misael Gongora-Torres and Cesar Vargas-Rosales * Tecnológico de Monterrey, School of Engineering and Sciences, Monterrey 64849, Mexico * Correspondence: cvargas@tec.mx † Presented at the 9th International Electronic Conference on Sensors and Applications, 1–15 November 2022; Available online: https://ecsa-9.sciforum.net/. Abstract: The solar system is still uncommunicated and unknown for humankind. To acquire more knowledge about the solar system, we send satellites and rovers to explore those planets; however, it is costly and takes a lot of effort. Soil retains information about the environment of celestial bodies, and we can process that information to make decisions about future infrastructure settlements that could provide advantages for the interplanetary Internet. The interplanetary Internet communications must be scalable, interoperable, secure, and easy for data transmission. However, before thinking about carrying out soil analysis through surface exploration, we can see that the first step is to analyze it using sensing satellites studying the structure of their data collection orbits through intelligent vision. In this paper we propose the use of cameras mounted on sensing satellites for the soil analysis during orbit (high-resolution, infrared, spectral, optical) for general scanning of surface elements with AI postprocessing, and mass spectrometer for spectroscopy. This equipment will analyze the chemical composition of the surfaces, the magnetic field lines, and the material radiation, detect rocks and gas elements, and identify the surface characteristics, among others. In this paper, we discuss how to develop the architecture of an interplanetary Internet physical platform with space-to-ground observations and measurements. A satellite orbiting a celestial body will become a sensor node with physical layers designed with relays and a modular setup, as well as a data transport method and location estimation sensing system, as a basis for the interplanetary Internet system. The design of the interplanetary Internet must consider the information from the analysis and observation of celestial bodies’ variables and parameters, as a fundamental flow of information that must be transported through the network to be further analyzed and used. Keywords: soil; interplanetary Internet; solar system observation; mapping; navigation 1. Introduction The practice of collecting, analyzing, and storing resources from other astronomical objects in order to seek substitute materials in outer space is known as in situ resource utilization (ISRU). ISRU is the possibility of setting bases in the future on other celestial bodies for humankind. Despite the great range of opportunities that ISRU could bring us, it is necessary to start with the compositions of those materials without the need to land on the surface. Throughout this paper, we intend to give first a state-of-the-art analysis to set in context the previous ideas and applications of similar ideas, then we describe the methods used in the studies to later give a comparison and complement with a proposal to apply this technology in space. 1.1. Motivation Our motivation is a planet slowly dying at the hands of men. Humankind keeps growing and increasing the need for resources; soon the Earth will not be able to provide. Eng. Proc. 2022, 27, 63. https://doi.org/10.3390/ecsa-9-13328 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/engproc