675 AUGUST 2020 AMERICAN METEOROLOGICAL SOCIETY | A common belief among three-quarters of those who suf- fer from chronic pain is that their pain fuctuates with the weather. However, this belief lacks scientifc support. In a recent review of 41 studies examining the relationship between weather and chronic musculoskeletal pain, 28 (68%) found some relationship, although there was disagreement about what that re- lationship was. Various reasons have been postulated for the disagreement: small sample sizes as measured by the number of participants, the duration of the study, or both; weather observations that were unrepresentative of conditions experienced by participants; and the lack of input or analysis by meteorologists. To overcome these limitations of previous studies, we designed a 15-month-long U.K.-based citizen-science smartphone project called Cloudy with a Chance of Pain ( www.cloudywithachanceofpain .com). Participants with chronic pain used a specially designed app to enter a 10-question daily report on their pain and other well-being characteristics on a 5-point scale. For example, partic- ipants rated their pain from 1 (“no pain”) to 5 (“very severe pain”). The absolute number in a participant’s report may not be meaningful, by itself: participants reporting the same severity on our 5-point scale may experience diferent levels of pain. Studies show, however, that a 20% increase in pain severity is clinical- ly signifcant. As such, we defned a pain event for an individual participant when they report a 1-category or greater increase (+1) in their pain level from the previous day. Using the global positioning system (GPS) sensor in the phone, we linked the participants’ locations during the study to the closest weather stations in the Met Ofce observing network. Thus, we developed a daily profle of the average weather conditions each Adapted from “Weather Patterns Associated with Pain in Chronic-Pain Sufferers,” by David M. Schultz (University of Manchester), Anna L. Beukenhorst , Belay Birlie Yimer, Louise Cook, Huai Leng Pisaniello, Thomas House, Carolyn Gamble, Jamie C. Sergeant , John McBeth, and William G. Dixon. Published on- line in BAMS, May 2020. For the full, citable article, see DOI:10.1175 /BAMS-D-19-0265.1. Cloudy Pain with a chance of Unauthenticated | Downloaded 02/20/22 06:50 AM UTC