Int. J Sup. Chain. Mgt Vol. 12, No. 5, October 2023
37
A Facility-Based Study of the Impact of
COVID-19 on Supply Chain Performance of
HIV/AIDS Commodities in Anambra State,
Nigeria
Johnson Okwudili Nweke
1,2
, Chana Chapchet Robert
3
, Sunday Odunke Nduka
*1,4
1
Logistics and Supply Chain Management Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nigeria.
2
Diagnostic Laboratory Unit, Medical Centre, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria.
3
Procurement and Supply Chain Unit, United Nations Development Programme (Global Fund Project), Harare,
Zimbabwe.
4
Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nnamdi Azikiwe
University, Nigeria.
1,2
nwekejj@gmail.com
3
chana_robert@yahoo.co.uk
1,4
so.nduka@unizik.edu.ng
Received September 15, 2022, Accepted: October 21, 2023, Published Online: October 31, 2023
Reviewers: Anonymous Peer Review
Citation: Nweke, J. O., Robert, C. C., & Nduka, S. O. (2023). A Facility-Based Study of the Impact of COVID-19
on Supply Chain Performance of HIV/AIDS Commodities in Anambra State, Nigeria. International
Journal of Supply Chain Management, 12(5), 37-45, https://doi.org/10.59160/ijscm.v12i5.6203
Abstract - The COVID-19 pandemic and its induced
lockdown resulted in huge disruptions that affected
access to and availability of healthcare commodities at
different levels of the supply chain system. An
understanding of the pandemic impact in different areas
will help in designing strategies to mitigate future
disruptions. This study was designed to evaluate the
supply chain performance of HIV/AIDS commodities
through the review of key performance indicators in
health facilities in Anambra State, Nigeria, during the
COVID-19 pandemic lockdown. A facility-based cross-
sectional study was conducted across 27 selected health
facilities in the state. Facilities were selected using a
stratified random sampling technique. Data was
collected using a combination of a semi-structured
questionnaire and observational checklists adapted from
a previous study and the Logistics Indicators Assessment
Tool (LIAT). Data obtained were analyzed using SPSS
software (version 23). A total number of 44 focal
personnel managing the HIV/AIDS supply chain in 17
secondary health centres (SHCs) and 10 primary health
centres (PHCs) participated in the study.
Tenofovir/Lamivudine/Dolutegravir (300/300/50mg) and
Nevirapine 10mg/ml oral suspension were the two most
available drugs at 85.19% and 78% respectively whereas
Determine and Uni-Gold were the most available non-
drug commodities at 92.59%, and 81.48% respectively
during the lockdown period. The Stat-Pak test kit was
stocked out in 30% of the facilities during the lockdown
with emergency orders of at least one HIV commodity
recorded in 37% of the facilities during this period.
Expired products were recorded in 48% of the health
facilities and this amounted to a loss of USD 4,027.25.
The COVID-19 crisis exposed vulnerabilities in
Anambra State's HIV/AIDS commodity supply chain.
Instances of emergency orders, stock-outs, and wastage
highlight the need for a more resilient system. Investing
in an agile supply chain is crucial for ensuring
uninterrupted access to essential healthcare commodities
during disruptions.
Keywords - COVID-19 pandemic, HIV/AIDS, Supply Chain
Performance, Health commodities.
1.0 Introduction
COVID-19 is a viral respiratory disease
caused by the 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2)
[1]. It was later reported to the World Health
Organization (WHO) with the WHO declaring the
outbreak a public health emergency of international
concern and a pandemic in early 2020 [2]. As the
number of people affected by this virus continued to
increase rapidly across the globe, many counties
considered and implemented a number of
unprecedented responses targeted at reducing the
transmission and spread of the virus. These responses
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International Journal of Supply Chain Management
IJSCM, ISSN: 2050-7399 (Online), 2051-3771 (Print)
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