IFAC-PapersOnLine 49-18 (2016) 098–103
ScienceDirect
Available online at www.sciencedirect.com
2405-8963 © 2016, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Peer review under responsibility of International Federation of Automatic Control.
10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.10.146
© 2016, IFAC (International Federation of Automatic Control) Hosting by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Keywords: Adaptive sliding-mode control, parameter estimation, nonlinear control, engine
cooling control.
1. INTRODUCTION
Considering the growing environmental impact of green-
house gases, increasingly stricter regulations for a cleaner
environment and the depletion of the natural reservoirs of
fossil fuels, efficient fuel consumption combined with low
exhaust emission of road vehicles is of high importance.
Moreover, the use of vehicles has increased conspicuously
in the urban traffic, where the engine is mostly operated
in part load conditions, see Arici et al. (1999). The partly
loaded engine results in an increase in the pollutant emis-
sion and the fuel consumption, which adversely affect the
efficiency of the combustion engine, cf. Heywood (1988).
The potential for a further reduction of the fuel consump-
tion related to turbocharger, diesel particulate filter, se-
lective catalytic reduction and other peripheries is getting
smaller. However, there still exist other possibilities for fuel
efficient operation. One of the research areas to maximize
the efficiency of the engine is related to the electrification
of an engine cooling system. On the one hand, a properly
designed engine cooling system contributes to an improved
temperature control and a reduced heating-up time, on
the other hand, it leads to an increase in the durability
and reliability of the engine, cf. Page et al. (2005). A
conventional engine cooling system, cf. Zou et al. (1999),
consists of an internal combustion engine, a belt-driven
centrifugal pump, a radiator-fan unit, a thermostat, and
mechanically operated bypass valve, see Fig. 1. Recent
research on energy savings and an electrification of the
automotive cooling system has been published in several
contributions, see Salah et al. (2008); Wang and Wag-
ner (2015); Butt et al. (2014). In Salah et al. (2008),
a detailed dynamic model of each component within an
engine cooling system is described. According to Wang and
Wagner (2015), a considerable amount of energy is needed
Radiator
Engine
Thermostat
Bypass
Fan
Fig. 1. Structure of an engine cooling system.
to operate the radiator fan(s) in comparison to the electric
bypass valve and the electrically actuated pump. The pro-
posed nonlinear control-oriented model is of second-order.
Furthermore, the resulting mathematical description of
the engine cooling system reveals that it is under the
influence of both matched lumped disturbance as well as
mismatched lumped disturbances. In some of the recent
publications, the tracking control problem with lumped
disturbances is addressed by combining different nonlinear
model-based control strategies, e.g., integral sliding-mode
control, dynamic sliding-mode control, and flatness-based
control, together with a nonlinear state and disturbance
estimator, for example, an extended Kalman filter and a
gain-scheduled modified Utkin observer, cf. Aschemann
et al. (2011); Butt et al. (2015a,b). From a theoretical
point of view, a stability proof for the overall closed-loop
system is of important concern. To address this issue,
a novel adaptive sliding-mode control with observer-like
parameter update laws is proposed in this contribution.
The underlying idea of an adaptive sliding-mode control
Abstract: This paper proposes a novel adaptive sliding-mode control for an innovative engine
cooling system under the influence of both matched and mismatched lumped disturbances. The
parameter update laws resemble a nonlinear reduced-order disturbance observer and guarantee
the convergence of the estimated parameter values to the real ones. Experiments on a dedicated
test rig highlight the effectiveness of the proposed novel adaptive sliding-mode control in terms
of asymptotic tracking, global stability and guaranteed parameter convergence. The closed-loop
stability of the overall system is established by using Lyapunov’s direct method. To provide a
fair comparison, the performance of the proposed controller is compared with a PI-controller.
*
Chair of Mechatronics, University of Rostock,
D-18059 Rostock, Germany
(e-mail: {Saif.Butt, Robert.Prabel, Jisheng.Zhang,
Harald.Aschemann}@uni-rostock.de)
Saif S. Butt
*
, Robert Prabel
*
, Jisheng Zhang
*
,
Harald Aschemann
*
Adaptive Sliding-Mode Control of an
Innovative Engine Cooling System