251 © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2021 M. C. M. Jacob, U. P. Albuquerque (eds.), Local Food Plants of Brazil, Ethnobiology, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69139-4_12 Food Composition Data: Edible Plants in the Pampa Adriana Carla Dias Trevisan, Vanuska Lima da Silva, Josué Schneider Martins, Gabriela Coelho-de-Souza, Stefany Areva Severo, and Mariana Oliveira Ramos Contents 1 Introduction 251 2 The Pampa and the Selection of its Edible Species 253 3 Edible and Medical Species of the Pampa: Ecology and Nutrition 256 4 Final Considerations 265 References 265 1 Introduction Biomes with non-forest vegetation systems have been particularly neglected by public policies for conservation and sustainable development. This is precisely the case of the Pampa biome. Also known as southern Brazilian grasslands, the Pampa is a mosaic of different types of vegetation with a landscape that comprises savan- nah, steppe, steppic savannah, coast, transition areas, and semi-deciduous and deciduous forests (Chomenko and Bencke 2016) with a particular fora and fauna and great biodiversity (Quadros et al. 2008). In Brazil, it is only found in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) state, where it occupies nearly 63% of the territory (Suertegaray and Silva 2009). It has a unique cultural, genetic, and natural heritage with regional, national, and global importance. Despite this, from an offcial conservation perspec- tive, only 0.4% of the Pampa is legally protected in conservation units, which is far from the global average of 17% per biome (Sosinski et al. 2019). Figure 1 presents an idea of the landscape of this biome, in which felds and forest islands coexist. The conservation and sustained management of agrobiodiversity, through actions to support consumption of edible native species, are essential strategies for food and A. C. D. Trevisan () · S. A. Severo Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul/Ecos do Pampa, Santana do Livramento, RS, Brazil e-mail: adriana-trevisan@uergs.edu.br V. L. da Silva · J. S. Martins · G. Coelho-de-Souza · M. O. Ramos Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil