Social contingency detection
and infant development
Philippe R. Rochat, PhD
The developmental origins and determinants of social contingency
detection are discussed. Based on recent research, the author
proposes that the origins of social contingency detection correspond
to the early propensity developing in the first 6 months of life to
differentiate between what pertains to the self (i.e., one’s own body)
and what pertains to others. Furthermore, from the second month of
life, what infants appear to gain from contingency detection while
interacting with others is a sense of shared experience or
intersubjectivity. Research suggests that although the development of
intersubjectivity is a central feature of infant behavior and
development, the meaning of contingency detection, hence the
source of intersubjectivity, changes radically between birth and 18
months of age. In general, it is proposed that the origins and
determinants of social contingency detection must be construed in
relation to (1) the developing sense of self in infancy, (2) the infant’s
developing sense of reciprocity with others, and (3) the infant’s
developing sense of participation with others. The author concludes
by proposing a relevant map of changing social stances adopted by
infants in the course of early development. (Bulletin of the
Menninger Clinic, 65[3], 347–360)
The goal of this article is to discuss research documenting how typi-
cal infants grow into their social environment. In particular, we are
interested in how infants come to develop the elusive capacity to per-
ceive social contingency, especially what drives infants’ development
toward reciprocity and shared experience with others (i.e., the sense
of intersubjectivity).
Vol. 65, No. 3 (Summer 2001) 347
This article is based on a presentation at a symposium on “Contingency Perception
and Attachment in Infancy” held at Menninger, Topeka, Kansas, September 8–9,
2000.
Dr. Rochat is in the Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta,
Georgia. Correpondence may be sent to Dr. Rochat at the Department of Psychology,
Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322; e-mail psypr@emory.edu. (Copyright © 2001
The Menninger Foundation)