CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TRANSACTIONS
VOL. 69, 2018
A publication of
The Italian Association
of Chemical Engineering
Online at www.aidic.it/cet
Guest Editors: Elisabetta Brunazzi, Eva Sorensen
Copyright © 2018, AIDIC Servizi S.r.l.
I SBN 978-88-95608-66-2; I SSN 2283-9216
Development and Application of the TUM-WelChem Cell
Model for Prediction of Liquid Distribution in Random Packed
Columns
Florian Hanusch
a,
*, Volker Engel
b
, Robert Kender
a
, Sebastian Rehfeldt
a
, Harald
Klein
a
a
Technical University of Munich, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Plant and Process Technology,
Boltzmannstr. 15, 85748 Garching, Germany
b
WelChem GmbH, Brunnenweg 40, 83666 Waakirchen, Germany
florian.hanusch@tum.de
Liquid maldistribution is, next to the prediction of interfacial phase area and mass transfer coefficients, one of
the bigger uncertainties in random packed column design. In a joint project, “Cell Model for Packed Column
and Liquid Distributor Design” supported by the Bavarian Research Foundation, liquid maldistribution
experiments were conducted in three packed columns with diameters of 0.4, 1.2 and 2.0 m at Technical
University of Munich (TUM), RVT Process Equipment GmbH and Linde AG. Experiments covered varying
experimental and operating parameters – gas/liquid system, type of packing, packing height, type of liquid
distributor, liquid load, and gas load. An evaluation of the acquired database provided insight into influencing
factors on liquid distribution. (Hanusch et al., 2017)
In 2007, Wild and Engel first presented their WelChem Cell Model. The original model predicted liquid
distribution in random packing from cell layer to cell layer based on directional dispersion coefficients,
deduced from virtual 3D irrigation simulations with a CAD model of one random packing element (Wild and
Engel, 2007). Further development at TUM included implementation of the influencing factors liquid load and
gas load, considering local loading effects and increasing liquid dispersion. Wall effects were refined by
distinction of packing elements and voids at the column wall. Liquid distribution profiles predicted with the
TUM-WelChem Cell Model are in good agreement with experimental data.
WelChem GmbH implemented the TUM-WelChem Cell Model in their column design software TrayHeart, thus
making the research results directly accessible for TrayHeart users. Application of the TUM-WelChem Cell
Model ranges from prediction of maldistribution in random packed columns, through liquid distributor design,
considering interactions with random packing, to process simulation, considering maldistribution in parallel
column models (Schultes, 2000).
1. Introduction
Mass transfer calculations for random packed columns generally assume even distribution of gas and liquid
over the column cross-section. However, liquid channelling and an increased wall flow are well-known liquid
maldistribution phenomena, resulting in uncertainties in random packed column design (Mersmann et al.,
2011). Experimental investigation of liquid maldistribution reaches back to the late 19
th
century, when Hurter
measured the liquid distribution in a coke tower (Hurter, 1893). An extended review of liquid maldistribution
experiments and observations on important influencing factors is given in Hanusch et al. (2017).
Insight gained via experimental investigations can be used for the development of theoretical models for the
prediction of liquid maldistribution in packed columns. One approach to describe the liquid distribution in
random packing applies the mathematical laws of probability (Tour and Lerman, 1944). Another type of model,
derived from the probability approach, characterises liquid distribution as a diffusional process (Cihla and
Schmidt, 1957). The aforementioned models consider liquid distribution on a differential scale. Cell models on
the other hand discretise the packing with a resolution of the size of single packing elements or bigger (Crine
DOI: 10.3303/CET1869124
Please cite this article as: Hanusch F., Engel V., Kender R., Rehfeldt S., Klein H., 2018, Development and application of the tum-welchem cell
modell for prediction of liquid distribution in random packed columns, Chemical Engineering Transactions, 69, 739-744
DOI: 10.3303/CET1869124
739