International Journal of Social Science And Human Research ISSN (print): 2644-0679, ISSN (online): 2644-0695 Volume 06 Issue 07 July 2023 DOI: 10.47191/ijsshr/v6-i7-57, Impact factor- 6.686 Page No: 4317-4324 IJSSHR, Volume 06 Issue 07 July 2023 www.ijsshr.in Page 4317 Muslim Scholars (ʿUlamāʾ) as Educational Leadership in Medieval Islamic History Hatim Muhammad Mahamid 1 , Younis Fareed Abu Alhaija 2 1 Muawiya Village, P.B:152, Basma, Zin code : 3002300, Israel The College of Sakhnin For Teacher Education 2 Both Authors are senior Lecturers at the Faculty of Education in The College of Sakhnin, Academic College for Teacher Education. in the Galil ABSTRACT: This article focusses on the role of Muslim scholars (ʿulamaʾ) as educational leadership in medieval Islamic era. It deals with the ideal educational leadership in Islam, its etiquette, and optimal means of teaching. Therefore, the research attempts to answer the central question about the extent to which teachers (scholars) have the characteristics of leadership and apply them in practice with students, and methods of educational process. This paper relied on primary sources, biographies of scholars, their educational role, and writings, to conclude the main characteristics of educational Islamic leadership features: charisma, authority, and knowledge. Derived from the Qur’an and Sunna. KEYWORDS: Muslim scholars, educational leadership, Medieval Islamic education, ethics, Islamic manners. INTRODUCTION This paper aims to highlight the characteristics of Islamic educational leadership through biographies of some Muslim scholars (ʿulamaʾ), and from the educational perspective of those scholars who developed their educational views, through practical experience and their intellectual works. This study deals with views of Islamic educational leadership concept, which is presented in the teacher himself, his morals, dealings with his students, and through methods and means of education used in achieving the required goals and objectives. Most of modern researchers deals with Islamic management, administration, and leadership perspective in general, focus on studying political, religious, military, and other official administration and leadership. They focus especially on the leadership of the Prophet Muhammad, the caliphate (al-khilāfa), ministry (al-wazāra) and judiciary (al-qaḍāʾ) in Islam, compared with modern leadership and administration, and the relationship between them with their work values related to the Islamic culture. Those studies also attempt to make a comparison between leadership in Islamic culture and modern Western leadership theories (Salamun & Ab Rahman, 2022; Mirzal & Ninglasari, 2021; Rizaldy & Hidayatullah, 2021; Al-Shinqīṭī, 2018; Mahamid and Abu Saad, 2012; Fontaine, 2008; Sidani, 2008; Ali, 2009; Sharfuddin, 1987; Abū Sin, 1984). That, what distinguishes this paper under study in that it focuses on the Islamic educational leadership in the Middle Ages, relying on the religious foundations and principles derived from the Qur’an, Sunna, and the ʿulamaʾ. This research is also distinguished in that it follows the characteristics of educational leadership and its changes from individual to collective, taking into account the changes and developments that occurred in the educational system in Islam between individual and group education, public and organized, with the development and rise of the madrasa system and other institutions based on endowments (waqf/awqāf), and the political influences, which affects the curriculum of education and its links to many other factors. Therefore, this research attempts to trace the Islamic educational leadership and administration through ʿulama’s (teachers’) behaviors and ethics as educational leaders, and the ways and principles they must deal with in teaching by preserving religious ethics and contributing to forming the basic rules of teaching professions. So, the important points of the current research are focused on the following goals to deal with to apply this paper’s aims: 1. Recognizing the high status of scholars (ʿulamaʾ), their leading qualities and virtue in the educational process in the Islamic medieval time. 2. Focusing on the scholars' opinions about the educational leadership concept, by comparing the opinions of those scholars . 3. Dealing with the scholars’ (ʿulamaʾ/teachers) ethics and works as an educational leadership, and study the educational methods, principles and means.