Inertia Sensor Detecting Materials using Electromagnetic Signals ERIETTA VASILAKI Department of Electronics Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Chania, GREECE IRAKLIS RIGAKIS Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering University of West Attica Atghens, GREECE THEODORE PAPADOULIS Department of Electronic Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Chania, GREECE ALEXIOS STARIDAS Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Heraklion, GREECE ANTONIA PSAROUDAKI Depa rtment of Nutrition and Dietetics Sciences Hellenic Mediterranean University Sitia, GREECE LAMBROS FRANTZESKAKIS Department of Electronic Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Chania, GREECE ZISIS MAKRIS Department of Electronics Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Chania, GREECE DIAMANTO LAZARI Department of Pharmacognosy- Pharmacology Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, GREECE EMMANUEL ANTONIDAKIS Electronics Engineering Hellenic Mediterranean University Chania, GREECE Abstract: There are many commercial sensors that use inertia systems and others that use electromagnetic systems. Until now, none of the existing sensors combines a circular inertia movement with the simultaneous transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the band of very low (VLF) and ultra low (ULF) frequencies. The aim of this paper is to show the design of such a sensor, that contains an electromagnetic signal generator and to observe and monitor its movement on a free rotating inclined platform. An accurate positioning and monitoring system is used in order to measure the velocity and acceleration at every position on its movement. It is a novel system that is already in use in material identification and localization. It is indubitably working and exports excellent results, although we are not still familiar with the laws of physics that determine the specific phenomenon. Until this point the sensor is used to identify only a limited number of materials. In the future it would be ideal to use it for more materials, find their frequencies and create a library that contains many materials and different kind of substances. Keywords: electromagnetic field, sensor, frequency, time, acceleration, gray code, inertia system Received: June 9, 2021. Revised: June 12, 2022. Accepted: July 15, 2022. Published: August 3, 2022. 1. Introduction We live in a world that almost everything is controlled and sensed by sensors. The importance of the sensors for mankind is obvious. The first sensors appeared with the existence of the living creatures and they are their organs. Eyes and ears are typical examples. The first detect electromagnetic radiation, while the second detect sound. Later, man realized that he needed measuring instruments in order to solve everyday life problems, so he started creating sensors. The first sensors were mechanical, such as a thermometer. The rise of electricity led to the construction of electrical sensors. The evolution of semiconductors had as result the creation of new advanced sensors and digital measuring devices. A sensor is a devise that detects a physical quantity and produces a countable signal. Usually modern sensors are devices that detect an external signal and respond to it with an electrical signal and they ensure that measurement data are transmitted faster and more accurate. One of the classifications of sensors, is active-passive. The next classification is based on the kind of the materials the sensor detects, for example Electric, Biological, Chemical, Radioactive, etc. Another type of sensors are Analog and Digital Sensors. The final classification is based on the phenomenon that occurs, i.e. Photoelectric, Thermoelectric, Electrochemical, Electromagnetic, etc. Some types of sensors are accelerometer, IR sensor, temperature sensor, pressure sensor, frequency sensor, gyroscope and many others. There are inertia sensors, such as gyroscope, and there are electromagnetic sensors such as accelerometer. A unique sensor that combines the movement of an inertia system with the transmission of very low (VLF) and ultra low (ULF) electromagnetic frequencies is described below.[1], [2]. 2. System and Circumferential (Apparatus) An inertia system [3], [4] is on a circular motion path. The inertia system has a telescopic antenna and circuitry to bring signal to the antenna. Under some circumstances a force is exerted on the antenna of the inertia system that alters its expected motion. It has been observed that this force appears when specific material is located towards the direction pointed by the antenna. The antenna has emitted appropriate signal for the specific material. This paper shows how the inertia system is designed and how it is operated. Then the Electronic Circuitry that is generating the signals on the antenna will be analyzed. Also, the circuitry on the inertia system, used to detect the force that is exerted on the inertia system at the presence of the material, is described. The method how the appropriate signals are found for each specific material is presented. Some parameters that affect the force will be analyzed WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on SYSTEMS DOI: 10.37394/23202.2022.21.15 Erietta Vasilaki, Iraklis Rigakis, Theodore Papadoulis, Alexios Staridas, Antonia Psaroudaki, Lambros Frantzeskakis, Zisis Makris, Diamanto Lazari, Emmanuel Antonidakis E-ISSN: 2224-2678 140 Volume 21, 2022