Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Archives of Psychiatric Nursing journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/apnu The Effect of Mindfulness-based Psychoeducation on Insight and Medication Adherence of Schizophrenia Patients Nurdan Çetin a, ⁎ , Rukuye Aylaz b a Department of Mental Health Nursing, 2. Army Altay Military Barracks, Malatya 44280, Turkey b Department of Public Health Nursing, School of Health, Inonu University, Malatya 44280, Turkey ABSTRACT Purpose: This research was conducted to determine the effect of mindfulness based psychoeducation program on insight and medication adherence of schizophrenia patients. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in a true experiment design with pre-test and post-test control groups. The study population consisted of 369 schizophrenic patients enrolled in Community Mental Health Centers located in Balıkesir and Eskişehir province centers. The sample consisted of 135 patients, 55 from ex- perimental and 80 from control groups selected by randomized sampling. The data was collected between February and May 2016. The Descriptive Information Form, Beck Cognitive Insight Scale (BCIS) and Medication Adherence Rating Scale (MARS) were used. In the experimental group, the psychoeducation program was ap- plied. Number, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square, t-test in both dependent and independent groups, were used in the analysis of the data. Results: The mean post-test score of the Beck Cognitive Insight Scale was 4.89 ± 6.05 in the experimental group, 1.68 ± 5.67 in the control group and the difference between the mean scores was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The mean post-test score of Medication Adherence Ratıng Scale was 1.76 ± 0.42 in the experi- mental group, 1.50 ± 0.50 in the control group and the difference between the mean scores was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: It was determined that psychoeducation program was effective in increasing cognitive insight level and medication adherence of patients and can be used by nurses in addition to medication. Schizophrenia, which varies in clinical symptoms, its limits and course, is the most common psychiatric disorder in all societies and socio-economic settings (Öztürk & Uluşahin, 2008). In the treatment of schizophrenia, medication is necessary but not enough. Psychosocial treatment approaches are used to complement pharmacological treat- ment (Öztürk & Uluşahin, 2008; Zapata Ospina, Rangel Martınez- Vilalba, & Garcia Valencia, 2015). Today, the main forms of psycho- social treatment approaches used in schizophrenia are cognitive beha- vioral therapy, psychoeducation, family interventions, social skills training, case management, harmonization programs (Uzun & Battal, 2005; Addington, Piskulic, & Marshall, 2010). One of the psychosocial approaches that have emerged in the treatment of psychotic disorders in recent years is mindfulness-based therapies (Çatak & Ögel, 2010). In terms of schools of psychotherapy, mindfulness-based therapies are considered in the context of cognitive and behavioral therapies and these therapies can be used for many psychological problems such as depression, psychosis, eating disorders and anxiety disorders (Çatak & Ögel, 2010). Mindfulness was first used by John Kabat-Zinn as a method in psychotherapy practice. Mindfulness is a mental practice based on the observation of emotions and thoughts, focusing on the present moment. In its simplest form, attention is focused on the present without any judgment (Kabat-Zinn, 2003; Ögel, 2015). Kabat-Zinn has listed seven basic attitudes about mindfulness. These are, not to be judgmental, to be patient, to trust, to be willing to see everything as if it is the first time (beginner mind), not to be greedy, to accept as if it were and letting go. These attitudes form the basis of meditation techniques used in mind- fulness-based therapies (Kabat-Zinn, 2009; Özyeşil, 2011). The most popular method of mindfulness-based therapies is the Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction program. This program was developed by Kabat-Zinn. The program is held for 8–10 weeks. During this time, cli- ents are taught various meditation techniques such as body scan med- itation, sitting meditation, respiration and breath meditation. It is also expected that students will be able to practice what they have learned in their everyday life by giving them homework (CD, audio recorders and booklets) throughout the entire program. In all mindfulness https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.04.011 Received 19 October 2017; Received in revised form 7 April 2018; Accepted 18 April 2018 ⁎ Corresponding author. E-mail addresses: nrdnctn3066@hotmail.com (N. Çetin), rukuye.aylaz@inonu.edu.tr (R. Aylaz). Archives of Psychiatric Nursing xxx (xxxx) xxx–xxx 0883-9417/ © 2018 Published by Elsevier Inc. Please cite this article as: Çetin, N., Archives of Psychiatric Nursing (2018), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2018.04.011