26
Copyright © Canadian Academy of Oriental and Occidental Culture
ISSN 1923-1555[Print]
ISSN 1923-1563[Online]
www.cscanada.net
www.cscanada.org
Studies in Literature and Language
Vol. 21, No. 2, 2020, pp. 26-36
DOI:10.3968/11876
Title Sociolinguistic Analysis of some Akan Proverbs
Jonas Agyemfra
[a]
; Solomon Owusu Amoh
[a],*
[a]
University of Education, Winneba, Ajumako, Ghana.
*
Corresponding author.
Received 4 August 2020; accepted 6 October 2020
Published online 26 October 2020
Abstract
This study examined the sociolinguistic analysis of some
Akan proverbs. With this, the analysis predicated on the
social contexts that bring about the use of the proverbs and
their sociolinguistic implications. The data sourced from
the research participants were analysed alongside Dell
Hymes’ (1974) “Ethnography of Communication”, which
also served as the theoretical framework that underpinned
the study. In all, twenty one (p.21) proverbs were analysed
which saw the various factors of communication, as
postulated by Hymes (1974) coming to bear. Discussing
the analysis, it was indicated that the home is the place
where proverbs are mostly used. The time for the use of
proverbs also saw the evening dominating in the data
analysis. With the addressers under participants, men were
found to be the people who mostly use proverbs in the
Akan society. Anybody, be it a man, woman or child in
the Akan society, qualifies to be addressed with proverbs,
per the analysis in this study. The end of the use of Akan
proverbs is to encourage, rebuke, admonish and warn the
addressee. Finally, the key, which also manifests as the
tone under which a particular proverb is used saw serious
tone as the most frequently used tone in the analysis, as
most Akan proverbs are used to direct the paths of its
members, whenever they go wayward.
Key words: Proverb; Context; Sociolinguistics; Akan
Agyemfra, J., & Amoh, S. O. (2020). Title Sociolinguistic
Analysis of some Akan Proverbs. Studies in Literature
and Language , 2 1 (2), 26-36. Available from: http://
www.cscanada.net/index.php/sll/article/view/11876
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3968/11876
1. IntrOduCtIOn
The study of proverbs, which is also known as
paremiology, has received much attention based on its
stance of transmitting the values, traditional experiences,
etc of a society from generation to generation. Its study
has moved from just simple compilation, as scholars now
study it from both linguistic and literary perspectives.
Notably, one crucial or incumbent feature of proverb
which cannot be overlooked is its contextual usage. The
contextual use of a particular proverb gives dynamisms
that apply to the meaning of the proverb, rather than
making it give a fixed meaning. In Akan, where the use
of proverbs is much cherished, the contextual usage of
proverbs is not overlooked. This even goes to confirm
the Akan maxim: Asɛm mmaeɛ a, yɛmmu bɛ ‘Without discourse
or context, there is no proverb.’ And when language,
especially proverb, is perceived with such notion,
sociolinguists come in to study what might have prompted
the use of a particular proverb. Therefore, what this
study seeks to address is to study some Akan proverbs in
relation to the contextual usage of these proverbs. By so
doing, the social contexts that bring about the use of these
proverbs and the sociolinguistic implications will come to
bear in this study.
1.1 the Akan language
Akan is a language spoken by the people called Akans. It
belongs to the Kwa group of the Niger-Congo group of
languages. The Akans, who subscribe to this language,
form the largest ethnic group in Ghana per the 2010
population and housing census. The Akan language can
be found spoken in six of the regions in Ghana, namely;
Eastern, Central, Western, Ashanti, Brong Ahafo and Volta
regions. Again, it umbrellas various dialects which are
mutually intelligible, namely; Asante, Akuapem, Akwamu,
Fante, Akyem, Agona, Denkyira, Twifo, Assin, Wassaw,
Kwawu, Bron and Buem (Agyekum, 2006). Amongst
these dialects, the major ones are Asante, Akuapem and