Send Orders for Reprints to reprints@benthamscience.net Current Pharmaceutical Analysis, XXX, XX, XX-XX 1 RESEARCH ARTICLE 1573-4129/21 $65.00+.00 © 2021 Bentham Science Publishers Determination of Endocrine Disruptor Bisphenol-A Leakage from Differ- ent Matrices of Dental Resin-Based Composite Materials Naser F. Al-Tannak 1,* . Fawaz Alzoubi 2 , Fatma M. Kareem 3 and Ladislav Novotny 1 1 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait; 2 Department of General Dental Practice, Faculty of Dentistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait; 3 Drug and food control-Pricing Department, Ministry of Health, Kuwait Abstract: Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) derivatives monomers as resins are common components in dental restorative materials and materials used for orthodontic treatment. However, they are a source for BP-A leakage, which can affect adult and child health as an endocrine disruptor. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the level of BPA leakage from four selected weights (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 mg) of five different resin combinations used in dental restorative materials. Method: The resin combinations were cured with light for 20 seconds, kept in 1 mL of acetonitrile, and sonicated for 30 minutes. Separation was achieved by using BEH C18 (1.7 µm, 2.1 x 100 mm) analyti- cal column (Waters® Acquity UPLC) and a mobile phase composed of water and acetonitrile (68:32 v/v). Moreover, Waters® Xevo G2-SQToF coupled with Waters® Acquity UPLC system with binary Solvent Manager (I-Class) via electrospray ionization (ESI) interface was used to confirm peaks identi- ties. Results: BPA was detected in all resin combinations and in all selected sample weights. However, BP- A was below the limit of quantification (LOQ) in all selected weights of the Filtek Z350 XT Universal Restorative System. The results show that BPA is still released from selected dental resin combinations available in the market despite the general concern about its potential adverse effects. Conclusion: Nevertheless, the amounts of BPA were within the acceptable levels indicated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program and represent a very small contribution to the total BPA exposure. The use of al- ternative materials such as high-viscosity glass ionomers, inorganic biomaterials, and ceramic would be ideal and healthier for adults and children. A R T I C L E H I S T O R Y Received: February 08, 2021 Revised: April 08, 2021 Accepted: April 13, 2021 DOI: 10.2174/1573412917666210525114226 Keywords: Bisphenol A, dental resins, UPLC-UV, children's health, endocrine disruptor, cancer, diabetes, obesity. 1. INTRODUCTION Bisphenol A (BPA) is an organic compound used to make polycarbonate plastic and epoxy resins and an essential component in many items such as artificial eye lenses, plas- tic eating containers, various types of coating, or thermal paper, and other products containing polycarbonates [1]. Furthermore, BPA is the main constituent in the manufactur- ing of bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate, which is one of the most common monomers used in the formulation of resin- based materials for use in dentistry [2, 3]. However, BPA is an endocrine disruptor, with potential in vitro [4] and in vivo [5] toxicities. The debate surrounding BPA is taking place because of its capability to mimic estradiol, a hormone *Address correspondence to this author at the Department of Pharmaceuti- cal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Kuwait University, Kuwait; Tel: 0096599139913; E-mail: Dr.altannak@ku.edu.kw produced by various tissues such as ovaries and testes, and to bind to mammalian estrogen receptors in vivo [6, 7]. In addi- tion, it can affect the brain, behavior, the female reproductive system, and metabolism and obesity in infants and young children [8]. Infants, young children, and pregnant or lactat- ing women are the most affected categories [9]. Therefore, baby bottles containing BPA have been banned by the Euro- pean Union since 2011 [10]. The U.S. Environmental Protec- tion Agency (EPA) maximum acceptable daily exposure limits are 3.5 × 10 6 ng of BPA per 24 hours for an adult weighing 70 kilograms and 0.5 × 10 6 ng of BPA per 24 hours for a child weighing 10 kg, while the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services National Toxicology Program (NTP) acceptable daily BPA exposure is 20% of the EPA’s limit and represent approximately 35,000 and 5,000 times lower than the maximum tolerated daily limit for adults and children, respectively [11, 12]. Recent reports have linked BPA intake with heart disease, obesity, diabetes, reproduc-