American Journal of Molecular Biology, 2022, 12, 135-146 https://www.scirp.org/journal/ajmb ISSN Online: 2161-6663 ISSN Print: 2161-6620 DOI: 10.4236/ajmb.2022.124012 Aug. 18, 2022 135 American Journal of Molecular Biology Role of Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Growth Factor Mediated Signal Transduction, with Specific Reference to MAPK/Rasand p13k-Akt Containing Pathways in Oncogenesis: A Qualitative Database Review Chanjugaa Uthayakumar 1 , Rajavarthani Sanjeev 2 1 Trincomalee Campus, Eastern University, Chenkaladi, Sri Lanka 2 Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health-Care Sciences, Eastern University, Chenkaladi, Sri Lanka Abstract Receptor Tyrosine kinases (RTKs) play a crucial role in the signal transduc- tion pathways at cellular levels. RTK plays a vital role in cellular communica- tion and transmission of signals to the adjacent cells and regulates different functions of the cell, such as cellular growth, differentiation, metabolism and motility. RTK s triggers growth factor receptors such as epidermal growth factor, insulin growth factor-1 receptor, platelet derived growth factor recep- tor, and fibro blast growth factor receptor and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor, thereby initiating and regulating cell growth and prolifera- tion. MAPK/RAS and PI3/AKT pathways are the major pathways of RTK’s function. Dysregulation of these RTK’s and pathways often leads to many diseases such as Noonan Syndrome, Logius Syndrome, CFC syndrome and different types of cancer. Point mutation and over expression of receptors and mutations in Ras leads to 30% of human cancers. Also over expression of different growth factor receptors by RTK too lead to several types of cancers as Glioblastoma, Thyroid cancer, Colon cancer and Non-small cell lung can- cer. PTEN mutation in PI3/AKT pathway often leads to carcinoma relative to Thyroid, Skin, Large intestine, eye and Bone. Therefore, these RTK’s often used as targets for cancer therapies. The medical sector uses various types of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors such as ATP competitive inhibitors, Allosteric inhibitors and covalent inhibitors which are known as Afatinib, Crizotinib, Eroltinib, Icotinib, Lepatinib and Lenvatinib in treatment and management of differential carcinomas. How to cite this paper: Uthayakumar, C. and Sanjeev, R. (2022) Role of Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Growth Factor Me- diated Signal Transduction, with Specific Reference to MAPK/Rasand p13k-Akt Containing Pathways in Oncogenesis: A Qualitative Database Review. American Journal of Molecular Biology, 12, 135-146. https://doi.org/10.4236/ajmb.2022.124012 Received: November 22, 2021 Accepted: August 15, 2022 Published: August 18, 2022 Copyright © 2022 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Open Access