How can dental public health competencies be addressed at
the undergraduate level?
Mario A. Brondani, DDS, MSc, MPH, PhD; Komkham Pattanaporn, DDS, MPH, DrPH;
Jolanta Aleksejuniene, DDS, MSc, PhD
Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Keywords
dental education; public health dentistry;
community services; self-reflections;
competency-based education; dental public
health; health workforce.
Correspondence
Dr. Mario A. Brondani, Faculty of Dentistry,
Department of Oral Health Sciences, University
of British Columbia, 2199 Wesbrook Mall,
Vancouver, BC V6T1Z3, Canada.
Tel.: 604-822-6562; Fax: 604-822-3562;
e-mail: brondani@dentistry.ubc.ca. Mario A.
Brondani, Komkham Pattanaporn, and Jolanta
Aleksejuniene are with the Faculty of Dentistry,
Department of Oral Health Sciences, University
of British Columbia.
Received: 4/22/2013; accepted: 7/22/2014.
doi: 10.1111/jphd.12070
Journal of Public Health Dentistry 75 (2015) 49–57
Abstract
Objectives: To discuss the extent to which an undergraduate dental module
addresses dental public health competencies via its different learning pedagogies
and to explore the relevance of students’ written reflections on these dental public
health competencies.
Methods: This article uses a literature review to situate the extent to which dental
public health competencies are addressed by the University of British Columbia
undergraduate dental module entitled “Professionalism and Community Services”
(PACS). It also uses students’ written individual self-reflections (between 100 and
500 words) on community service learning activities to critically illustrate how
dental public health competencies support their learning.
Results: The PACS dental module is delivered to undergraduate students in all 4
years, more than 190 in total, and addresses six dental public health competencies,
including oral health promotion, ethics, and evidence-based practice. The multifac-
eted pedagogical approach employed to discuss aspects of dentistry related to dental
public health includes guest lectures, community activities, small group activities,
self-reflection, and reports.
Conclusions: Given the falling number of dental public health professionals in
North America, the discussed undergraduate pedagogy aims to sensitize future den-
tists to a career focused on dental public health. Through reflections, students pon-
dered ideas related to dental public health; they also engaged in developing
meaningful activities in various underserved communities. Further studies are
needed to evaluate the influence of this community-based curriculum upon stu-
dents’ practice choice.
Introduction
Dental public health is a nonclinical specialty that focuses on
assessing the oral health needs and improving the dental
health of populations rather than individuals (1-3). This is
done by educating the public about oral health and by apply-
ing evidence-based research for community-based preven-
tion and control of oral and dental diseases (1,2). A dental
public health professional must possess broad knowledge and
skills in administration, research methods and oral health
assessment, prevention and control of oral diseases and oral
health promotion, and delivery and financing of oral health
care (2,4). In 2008, the Canadian Association of Public Health
Dentistry released the Discipline Competencies for Dental
Public Health in Canada, outlining the essential knowledge,
skills, and attitudes necessary for the practice of dental public
health (4). This document provides the building blocks for
effective dental public health, listing competencies in tune
with the American accreditation standards in dental public
health (2), which fall within the scope of public health as a
whole (3,5,6). Such competencies remain suitable for teach-
ing undergraduate dental students about the role of the disci-
pline of dental public health in the oral health of the
population at large.
The need for undergraduate education in
dental public health
In Canada, disparities in oral health and inequities in access
to oral health care not only persist but have increased in the
past few years (7). Released in 2011, Cycle II of the Canadian
Health Measure Survey revealed that approximately 40.36
Journal of Public Health Dentistry . ISSN 0022-4006
49 © 2014 American Association of Public Health Dentistry