Lipidic Classes Involved in Diabetes Mellitus, Review Bourkoula A, Konsta E, Papadopoulou A and Trapali M* Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Cosmetic Science, University of West Attica, Greece Crimson Publishers Wings to the Research Review Article *Corresponding author: Maria Trapali, Laboratory of Chemistry, Biochemistry, Cosmetic Science, University of West Attica, Greece Submission: June 23, 2021 Published: June 29, 2021 Volume 8 - Issue 2 How to cite this article: Bourkoula A, Konsta E, Papadopoulou A, Trapali M. Lipidic Classes Involved in Diabetes Mellitus, Review. Nov Res Sci. 8(2). NRS. 000685. 2021. DOI: 10.31031/NRS.2021.08.000685 Copyright@ Trapali M, This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use and redistribution provided that the original author and source are credited. 1 Novel Research in Sciences Abstract Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology, characterized by an increase in blood sugar concentration (hyperglycemia) and impaired glucose metabolism either as a result of decreased insulin secretion or due to decreased cells sensitivity to insulin. It is classified into two broad categories that do not concern the type of treatment or age but the etiology: Type 1 diabetes (autoimmune, idiopathic) is a disorder in which pancreas does not produce enough insulin. Type 2 diabetes mellitus (disorders of insulin secretion or action) is characterized by a disturbance in the action of insulin (insulin resistance) although the pancreas may produce increased amounts of insulin. Dyslipidemia is one of the main cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients. These patients show a specific dyslipidemic profile which is characterized by elevated triglyceride levels, normal or mildly elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-C) cholesterol levels and low High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL-C) cholesterol levels. This review presents the main classes of lipids involved in the pathogenesis of Diabetes mellitus, which are triglycerides, phospholipids, and steroids. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Dyslipidemia; Triglycerides; Phospholipids; Steroids Lipidic Classes Involved in Diabetes Mellitus Triglycerides Triglycerides are the most abundant lipids in human adipose tissue and a major component of Very-Low-Density Lipoprotein (VLDL). According to National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) guidelines the desirable triglyceride level is below 150mg/dL [1]. According to the American Diabetes Association (ADA) the most common pattern of dyslipidemia in patients with type 2 diabetes is elevated triglyceride levels and decreased HDL cholesterol levels [2]. The condition in which triglyceride levels are elevated is called hypertriglyceridemia and can be classified into mild to moderate (triglycerides between 150- 499mg/dL) and severe hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides ≥500mg/dL) [3]. Triglyceride values over 1,000mg/dL are accompanied by a serious risk of acute pancreatitis. In a retrospective cohort-based study with 1,586 patients with diabetes type 2 the prevalence of pancreatitis was 3.7% [4]. Several clinical studies [5-10] have demonstrated that elevated blood triglyceride levels increase the risk of Type 2 Diabetes (T2D). It is well recognized that diabetes is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and has been associated with 2- to 4-fold higher mortality [11] which is mainly due to atherogenic dyslipidemias characterized, among other factors, by elevated levels of triglycerides [12]. Recent randomization studies have demonstrated that hypertriglyceridemia is a causative agent in atherosclerosis [13,14]. The main step in order to reduce the risk of cardiovascular diseases related with diabetes is the detection and treatment of dyslipidemia which include the reduction of triglyceride levels. A study showed significant hypertriglyceridemia in all