Research Article Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hydatidiform Mole among Patients Undergoing Uterine Evacuation at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital Olivier Mulisya , 1 Drucilla J. Roberts, 2 Elizabeth S. Sengupta, 3 Elly Agaba, 4 Damaris Laffita, 4 Tusabe Tobias, 3 Derrick Paul Mpiima , 4 Lugobe Henry , 4 Ssemujju Augustine, 4 Masinda Abraham, 4 Twizerimana Hillary, 4 and Julius Mugisha 5 1 University of Goma, Goma, Democratic Republic of the Congo 2 Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA 3 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA 4 Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda 5 Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda Correspondence should be addressed to Olivier Mulisya; omulisya1@gmail.com Received 8 June 2017; Revised 19 August 2017; Accepted 8 February 2018; Published 1 April 2018 Academic Editor: Robert Coleman Copyright © 2018 Olivier Mulisya et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Objective. We sought to determine the prevalence of and factors associated with hydatidiform molar gestations amongst patients undergoing uterine evacuation at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital (MRRH), Mbarara, Uganda. Methods. is was a cross- sectional study carried out from November 2016 to February 2017. All patients admitted for uterine evacuation for nonviable pregnancy were included. e study registered 181 patients. Data were collected on sociodemographics, medical conditions, obstetrics, and gynecological factors. e evacuated tissue received a full gross and histopathologic examination. Cases of pathologically suspected complete hydatidiform mole were confirmed by p57 immunohistochemistry. Data were analyzed using STATA13. Results. e prevalence of hydatidiform mole was6.1% (11/181).All detected moles were completehydatidiform moles, and there were no diagnosed partial hydatidiform moles. Clinical diagnosis of molar pregnancy was suspected in 13 patients, but only 69.2% (9/13) were confirmed as molar pregnancies histologically. Two cases were clinically unsuspected. Factors that had a significant relationship with complete hydatidiform mole included maternal age of 35 years and above (aOR 13.5; CI:1.46–125.31; p � 0.00), gestational age beyond the first trimester at the time of uterine evacuation (aOR 6.2; CI:1.07–36.14; p � 0.04), and history of previous abortion (aOR 4.3; CI: 1.00–18.57; p � 0.05). Conclusion. e prevalence of complete hydatidiform mole was high at 6.1%. Associated risk factors included advanced maternal age (35 years and above), history of previous abortions, and gestational age beyond the first trimester at the time of evacuations. Recommendations. We recommend putting in place capacity to do routine histopathological examination of all products of conception especially those at high risk for a molar gestation either by clinical suspicion or by risk factors including advanced maternal age, advanced gestational age, and history of previous abortion because of high prevalence of complete mole. 1. Introduction Hydatidiform moles (HMs) are forms of gestational tropho- blastic disease (GTD) that involve villous formation. ey are characterized histologically by aberrant changes within the placenta. Specifically, the chorionic villi in these placentas show varying degrees of trophoblastic proliferation and oe- dema of the villous stroma. Hydatidiform moles are catego- rized as either complete hydatidiform moles (CHMs) or partial hydatidiform moles (PHMs) based on biology and genetics [1]. Hydatidiform mole is the premalignant form of gestational trophoblastic neoplasia. It is of clinical and epidemiological Hindawi Obstetrics and Gynecology International Volume 2018, Article ID 9561413, 7 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9561413