West Science Interdisciplinary Studies Vol. 01, No. 10, October and 2023: pp. 1059-1067 Journal homepage: https://wsj.westscience-press.com/index.php/wsis Implementation of a Philosophical Framework to Foster Critical Thinking in Islamic Education for Boarding School Students in Indonesia Adit Mohammad Aziz 1 , Sabil Mokodenseho 2 , Koko Komaruddin 3 , Ahmad Labib Majdi 4 1 Institut Agama Islam Muhammadiyah Kotamobagu and aditmohammadaziz@iaimkotamobagu.ac.id 2 Institut Agama Islam Muhammadiyah Kotamobagu and sabil.mokodenseho@gmail.com 3 Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung and koko.komaruddin@uinsgd.ac.id 4 Institut Agama Islam Darussalam Ciamis and alabibmajdi@iaid.ac.id ABSTRACT Indonesian Islamic education, with its rich traditions, must change quickly to keep up with the times. This study investigates how philosophical frameworks are used in Indonesian Islamic boarding schools, or pesantren, and how they affect students' development of critical thinking abilities. A mixed-methods approach was used in the research, incorporating document analysis, observations, interviews, and surveys. With an average score of 3.78, the quantitative results showed a moderate level of philosophical framework integration within the program. With an average score of 4.21, students felt they had significantly improved their critical thinking abilities, indicating the usefulness of these frameworks. These outcomes were supported by qualitative data that emphasized students' excitement, teachers' acknowledgment of their ability, and administrators' support. Obstacles such limited resources, cultural awareness, and the requirement for teacher preparation were noted. Nonetheless, there are advantages to these difficulties as well, such as the chance to foster critical thinking and global competency. The study provides guidance for curriculum creators and policy makers, highlighting the possible advantages of incorporating philosophical frameworks into the larger educational environment. Keywords: Philosophical Framework, Critical Thinking, Islamic Education, Boarding School Students, Indonesia 1. INTRODUCTION Islamic education plays a crucial role in nurturing individuals who are well-versed in their faith and equipped with critical thinking skills necessary for addressing the challenges of a rapidly changing world. Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in Indonesia have been foundational institutions for the transmission of religious knowledge and values. These institutions provide a unique context for the integration of educational innovations [1]. Islamic higher education has played an important role in nurturing individuals by constructing a deep knowledge and understanding of the Islamic faith, its principles, and its application in society [1]. Islamic boarding schools in Indonesia have taken significant steps towards environmental conservation motivated by Sufi values and doctrines [2]. Islamic boarding schools have a significant influence on the formation of student character in Indonesia [3]. Mosques and their curriculum have played a critical role in the development of education and science education in the Islamic world [4]. Religious moderation based on theological values is studied in Islamic boarding schools in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia [5]. The spiritual leadership role of KH. Moh. Hafidh Sibawayhie in educational innovation at Nurul Wafa Demung Besuki Situbondo Islamic Boarding School is studied [6]. Parents have an important role in sexuality education for children, according to Islamic and scientific resources [7]. Learning innovation through biopreneurship is implemented in Islamic boarding schools to increase interest in entrepreneurship [8].