J. Peralta,* M.K. Miller,** S.P. Ringer,*** T.K Kelly**** and K. Rajan*
* Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Institute for Combinatorial Discovery, Iowa
State University, 2220 Hoover Hall, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, krajan@iastate.edu
** Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN
37831
*** Australian Key Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, Sydney,
NSW 2006, Australia
**** Cameca Instruments, Inc., Madison, WI 5372
The design and construction of an integrated instrument, that combines atom probe tomography
(APT) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM), the proposed Atomscope [1], poses
not only design challenges but also the need to link the physics of image formation and chemical
analysis in the APT with the imaging and microanalysis in the STEM. The development of
meaningful correlations between APT and STEM modalities requires a detailed understanding of the
impact of specimen chemistry and specimen geometry on evaporation mechanisms [2]. This study
provides some of the initial [3] first principles modeling findings of parallel studies exploring the
energetics of i) preferential evaporation (relevant to multicomponent systems) and ii) evaporation
based on the role of tip shape. The computations are based on Quantum-Espresso (QE) codes [4].
QE is an integrated suite of computer codes for electronic-structure calculations and materials
modeling at the nano-scale. It is based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), plane waves and
pseudo-potentials (norm-conserving, ultra-soft and the projector augmented wave method (PAW)).
The field evaporation on the surface of Al
3
Sc, was studied with ab-initio techniques for two kinds of
different atomic configurations of ad-atoms on this surface: single atom evaporation (Sc and Al
evaporation) and two atom evaporation (Sc-Al and Al-Al dimer evaporation). A general structure of
this surface is shown in Fig. 1. The study was developed using the QE code that allows the
application of high electric fields to slab geometry. The evaporation fields registered by the
simulations are in good agreement with experimental results, Fig. 2. The polarization effects will
also be studied for the ad-atoms species considering charge density of different configurations for
systems under different electric fields. At the same time, the goal is show the variation of the bond
nature with increasing electric fields. Ab-initio techniques have been used to explore the response of
tip shape to different electrical fields. Some representative results for a hemispherical tip under
different field strengths are shown in Fig. 3. It is noteworthy that the close-packed {111} Al plane
exhibits systematically lower hump energies, consistent with the proposal [5] that the deeper
potential wells in the more close-packed planes facilitating a higher spatial resolution in the direction
of these plane-normals. [6]
References
[1] M. K. Miller and T. F. Kelly, Microsc. Microanal. , 16 (suppl.2) (2010) 1856.
[2] M. K. Miller and R. G. Forbes. Mater. Char., 60 (2009) 461.
[3] S Sanchez, A Lozovoi and A Alavi. Molecular Physics, 102(9-10) (2004) 1045
[4] P. Giannozzi et al. J.Phys.:Condens.Matter, 21, 395502 (2009).
712
doi:10.1017/S1431927611004430
Microsc. Microanal. 17 (Suppl 2), 2011
© Microscopy Society of America 2011
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1431927611004430 Published online by Cambridge University Press