134 Local and Regional Anaesthesia Results and Discussion: A total of 85 patients underwent primary AVF cre- ation. 25(30%), 26(30%), and 34(40%) patients received general, regional or local anesthesia respectively. Demographic data and surgical characteristics were similar between the groups. Although AVF occlusion rates were higher in GA group (24%) compared to RA (12%) and LA (15%) groups at 3-months, this difference did not reach statistical significance. Conclusion(s): Preliminary results suggest a trend towards lower AVF occlu- sion rates with RA and LA at 3-months follow-up. Larger sample size is required to either support or refute this hypothesis. 8AP3-5 High volume local infiltration analgesia (LIA) with IV or intraarticular ketorolac+morphine versus epidural analgesia after total knee arthroplasty U.J. Spreng, E. Andersson, V. Dahl, A. Hjall, J. Raeder Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Asker and Baerum Hospital, Rud, Norway Background and Goal of Study: The recently introduced concept of local infiltration analgesia in total knee arthroplasty is a promising technique regarding postoperative pain management and accelerated patient mobilisation. In this study we compared local infiltration analgesia to standard epidural analgesia. Moreover we studied if locally injected ketorolac and morphine has a specific local effect compared to the same drugs given intravenously. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, randomized, double-blinded trial we assigned 99 patients undergoing unilateral total knee arthroplasty (TKA) into three groups. Group EDA got epidural analgesia for 48 hours after surgery. Group LIA was treated with local infiltration analgesia and 150 ml of a mixture containing 150mg ropivacaine, 0.5mg epinephrine, 30mg ketorolac, 5 mg morphine added to saline were injected by the surgeon. Group LIAiv got also local infiltration analgesia, but here 30mg ketorolac and 5 mg morphine were injected intravenously. The next day 142.5mg ropivacaine plus 30mg ketorolac were injected intraarticularly via a catheter in group LIA. Group LIAiv got also ropivacaine, but 30mg ketorolac were injected IV. Results and Discussion: Patients in group EDA had lower verbal pain scores in PACU (p = 0.004), but the time to discharge from the PACU was longer (p = 0.007). Patients getting local infiltration analgesia had significantly lower pain scores from 24 hours after surgery until discharge from the hospital, they had superior knee function, were mobilised faster and discharged earlier from hospital (p < 0.0001). Patients randomized to group LIA had lower cumulated morphine consumption during the first 72h compared to LIAiv (p = 0.002). Conclusion(s): Local infiltration analgesia is superior to epidural analgesia after TKA regarding pain scores from 24 hours after surgery, knee function, mobilisation and length of hospital stay. Local administration of ketorolac and morphine has a specific local effect and beneficial effects are not due to systemic absorption. Acknowledgements: We thank our pain nurses Helena Blom and Lena Windingstad for good support during the study. No conflict of interest has been declared. The study has been financed by institutional means. In addition Ulrich J Spreng has been given a research grant for this study from the European Society of Regional Anaesthesia and Pain Therapy. 8AP3-6 Intraoperative complications and anesthesia technique in renal transplantation: A comparison of regional and general anesthesia techniques O. Komurcu, A. Pirat, S. Turgut Balci, A. Torgay, G. Arslan Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Baskent University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey Background and Goal of Study: Both regional (RA) and general anesthesia (GA) techniques are currently being used for renal transplantation. However, it is not clear whether one of these techniques is superior to the other one, in terms of frequency of introperative complications. Therefore, this retrospective study was undertaken to compare RA and GA regarding the occurrence of intraop- erative complications during renal transplantation. Materials and Methods: We used our database to do a retrospective study of patients, who underwent renal transplantation under general or regional (epi- dural or combined spinal-epidural) anesthesia between May 1998 and January 2008, in Baskent University Hospital. The data included demographic features, intraoperative transfusions, amount of administered intraoperative crystalloid and colloids, intraoperative hemodynamics, and preoperative laboratory values. Intraoperative complications such as hypotension (more than 20% decrease from the baseline), hypertension (more than 20% increase from the baseline), arrhythmia, hypoxemia (oxygen saturation < 90%), and need for transfusions were collected using anesthesia and patient charts. Results and Discussion: Of the 287 patients, who were included in the final analyses, 178 (62%) received RA. Overall, 76 patients (27%) had at least 1 intraoperative complication. The most commonly noted intraoperative compli- cation was hypertension (n=41, 14%), followed by hypotension (n=29, 10%), bradycardia (n=7, 2%), need for transfusions (n=1, 0.3%), and hypoxemia (n=1, 0.3%). Patients who received regional anesthesia were not significantly different from those who received general anesthesia in terms of demographic features, systemic disease, and etiology of renal disease (p>0.05 for all). Compared with patients who received RA, intraoperative complications occurred more fre- quently in patients who received GA (20% vs 38%, p=0.001). Comparing with RA, intraoperative hypertension was more common during GA (6% vs 28%, p<0.001). The frequency of intraoperative bradycardia was higher with RA than GA (7% vs 0%, p=0.047). Length of stay in the hospital were similar for both anesthesia techniques (p>0.05). Conclusion(s): Our result demonstrate that the frequency of intraopera- tive complications were higher with GA than RA during renal transplantation. Although these complications were mostly mild and did not have a negative impact on the outcomes of these patients, it is important to take all preventive measures to avoid any complication, even the mildest ones. 8AP3-7 Regional anaesthesia and neurofibromatosis type I – Retrospective analysis V.M. Oliveira, J. Alves, S. Hora Gomes Department of Anaesthesiology, Hospital S. João, E.P.E., Porto, Portugal Background and Goal of Study: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a common inherited autosomal-dominant disorder with an incidence of 1:3000. With vari- able severity, lesions may involve all the physiologic systems (airway, respiratory, cardiovascular, musculocutaneous, peripheral and central nervous system). Anaesthetic management should consider the multiple clinical presentation of the disease. The aim of this study was to describe a five-year experience of regional anaesthesia in NF1 patients in a tertiary hospital. Materials and Methods: Retrospective analysis of electronic records of patients with NF1 who underwent surgery, between January/2004 and January/2009. Demographic data, physical status (ASA), NF1-related disorders, preoperative CNS imaging, type of surgery, type of regional anaesthetic technique and peri- operative complications were collected. Results and Discussion: Twenty six patients with NF1 were scheduled for a total of 58 surgical procedures. Neuraxial anaesthesia was performed in 4 patients (6%) – 2 lumbar epidural blocks (LEB); 2 spinal blocks (SB) – and com- bined technique (balanced with lumbar epidural) in 1 patient. Non-elective sur- gery was done in 3% of cases. All patients submitted to regional anaesthesia had clinical and radiologic exclusion of intracranial and spinal lesions. Case 1: Male, 61y, ASA II, with scoliosis, BMI:21 kg/m2, submitted to bilateral inguinal hernia repair, under SB with 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacaine (15 mg) – unsuccessful block- ade, requiring conversion to general anaesthesia and systemic analgesia. Case 2: Male, 73y, ASA hypertension and left branch block, BMI: 28 kg/m2, submitted to bilateral inguinal hernia repair, under SB with 0,5% hyperbaric bupivacaíne (10 mg) and fentanyl (0,02 mg) – uneventful. Case 3: Female, 27y, ASA II, nullipa- rous, BMI:29 kg/m2, labour analgesia with LEB with boluses of 0,2% ropivacaíne (total dose: 40 mg) – uneventful. Case 4: Female, 23y, ASA II, nulliparous, BMI: 24 kg/m2, labour analgesia with LEB with boluses of 0,25% laevobupivacaíne (total dose: 37,5 mg) – uneventful. Case 5: Male, 73y, ASA II, history of epilepsy, submitted to radical prostatectomy under combined technique with balanced general anaesthesia and LEB with 0,75% ropivacaine continuous infusion (total dose: 112,5 mg) and epidural morphine (3 mg) – uneventful. Conclusion(s): Despite technical difficulties due to related disorders, regional anaesthesia can be safely performed in NF-1 patients, even in labour analgesia, if imagiological exclusion of central nervous system lesions is assured. 8AP4-1 Stimulation and inhibition of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) release from skin nociceptors in mouse, rat, and man A. Tzabazis, C. Winkle-Simmons, Y. Qiao, G. Lee, D. Yeomans Department of Anaesthesiology, Stanford University, Stanford, USA Background and Goal of Study: Activation of cutaneous nociceptive termi- nals induces release of neuropeptides such as CGRP. The amount of released CGRP correlates with the nociceptor activation. Quantitative assessment of this release in the presence or absence of potential analgesic drugs may be pre- dictive of efficacy. We investigated the effects of lidocaine (lido) on capsaicin (caps)-induced CGRP-release in rat and murine skin and caps-induced CGRP- release in human skin. Materials and Methods: After IACUC, skin was harvested from Sprague- Dawley rats (250 to 350 g) or C57/BL6 mice (20-25g) after CO2 asphyxation. The skin was processed through a series of 3 base molds (BM) in 750 μl artificial