National Conference on Innovative Paradigms in Engineering & Technology (NCIPET-2013) Proceedings published by International Journal of Computer Applications® (IJCA) 9 Wireless Sensor Network with Energy Efficient Clustering Manish S Kimmatkar 1 , Sunil R Gupta 2 M.Tech student Associate Prof. Electronics & Telecom. Engg. Dept.of E&Tele. Engg. RCET, Bhilai , India RCET, Bhilai , India ABSTRACT The wireless sensor network has become a very essential and important part of communication world. In recent years there are extensive applications of wireless sensor networks in the field such as environment monitoring, surveillance, enemy tracking, automation etc. Since the available energy of sensor nodes are limited and hard to renew, energy supervision is critical for nodes in wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we propose a dynamic multi hop routing technique using residual energy based clustering algorithm to prolong network lifetime. Here, clusters are formed using certain suitable parameters such as remaining energy of the nodes, its centrality and cluster head selection frequency. After collecting all data within a cluster, the cluster head forward the data to the base station, if required via another cluster heads. In this way the proposed method generates an energy efficient routing path from each sensor to the base station. Simulation results show that our approach effectively conserves energy for cluster heads as well as cluster members and prolong their life time significantly. Thus the proposed algorithm improves the nodes life time. Keywords Cluster Head (CH), Base Station (BS), Wireless Sensor Network, Residual Energy, Energy Efficiency, Network Lifetime LEACH, Advertisement packet (ADV). 1. INTRODUCTION In wireless sensor network Clustering is one of the conventional routing protocols. In clustering, nodes are organized into several clusters which consist of one cluster head (CH) and several others nodes known as member nodes. Cluster members send their data to the respective cluster head which is mainly responsible for sending the aggregated data to sink/ base station. This reduces energy consumption of nodes that are long way from sink and also balancing the load among the nodes. Hence, clustering is en energy efficient routing protocol for wireless network. Instead of using direct routing from cluster head to base station, cluster heads follows multi hop routing path to send data to base station. This allows routing the data from cluster heads to base station and thus save the energy by reducing the long distance transmission occurrence. There exist several energy efficient routing protocols [13, 14] to maximize nodes’ lifetimes, reduce bandwidth consumption by using local collaboration among the nodes, and tolerate node failures. LEACH [15] is a classic hierarchical cluster based routing protocol where cluster heads are selected randomly in each round, however, it may cause unbalanced energy consumption and can shorten network life time. HEED [16] elects cluster heads based on residual energy and node degree. PEGASIS [17] use chain topology with data fusion to reduce energy consumption. For such kind of networks, nodes far away from the base station exhaust their energy rapidly and would die soon. In this paper we have proposed an energy efficient multi hop routing based on clustering to prolong the life time of nodes as well as network. The proposed routing protocol is divided into two phases: in first phase selection of cluster heads, cluster formation and cluster maintenance and in second phase formation of energy aware multi hop routing tree. This protocol thus saves energy consumption among the nodes, minimize the latency and increase life time of network. II. DESIGNING SYSTEM A sensor network consisting of N homogeneous nodes, randomly deployed over a terrain to monitor continuously the targeted environment, is considered here. We denote the sensor node set as S = {s1,s2,….sN} where |S|=N and each node has an unique ID . The base station is assumed to be located far from the sensing field- this base station and all sensors nodes remain static after deployment. Further, links are considered to be symmetric. A node can compute the approximate distance to another node using the received signal strength if the transmitting power is known; a sensor is also capable of adjusting its transmission power using the distance from the receiver. Here, cluster range is assumed to be same as transmission range. We use a simplified model shown in [3] for the communication energy dissipation. Both the free space (P2 power loss) and the multi-path fading (P4 power loss) channel models are used, depending on the distance between the transmitter and receiver. The energy spent for transmission of an l-bit packet over distance d is: ΕΤx(l, P)= lEelec +l P efs = lEelec + l P2, P < Pο =lEelec + l eamp P4, P < Po (1) The electronics energy, Eelec, depends on factors such as the digital coding, and modulation, whereas the amplifier energy ฀ampd4or d 2, depends on the transmission distance and the acceptable bit-error rate. We have Po = To receive this message, the radio expends energy: ERx(l) = lEelec. Consumption of energy among the nodes in a cluster to prolong the lifetime of WSN. Here we designed a protocol using three approaches, 1. Energy aware CH rotation policy 2. Data aggregation 3. Tunneling data to nodes in sleep mode cluster. 2. Leach Protocol In LEACH, nodes organize themselves into clusters and all non-cluster head nodes transmit to the cluster-head. The cluster head performs data aggregation and transmits the