Case Report
Diffuse Subcutaneous Emphysema,
Pneumomediastinum, and Pneumothorax following
Robotic Assisted Laparoscopic Hysterectomy
Laryssa Patti,
1
William Haussner,
2
and Grant Wei
1
1
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1 RWJ Place, MEB 104,
New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
2
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, 675 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
Correspondence should be addressed to Laryssa Patti; pattila@rwjms.rutgers.edu
Received 2 July 2017; Accepted 12 September 2017; Published 12 October 2017
Academic Editor: Oludayo A. Sowande
Copyright © 2017 Laryssa Patti et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Robotic assisted laparoscopic surgery is becoming more widely available, but despite its multiple benefts, it is not without risk.
Tis case is of a 62-year-old female who presented to the emergency department for dyspnea two days afer robotic assisted
laparoscopic hysterectomy. Physical exam revealed difuse facial, neck, upper extremity, torso, and lower extremity crepitus, which
was diagnosed as difuse subcutaneous air on computed tomography (CT). Imaging also revealed right apical pneumothorax and
pneumomediastinum. Te patient progressively improved over one month, with resolution of symptoms.
1. Introduction
Robotic laparoscopic surgery is currently widely performed
in both abdominal and gynecologic surgery, as it provides
better access and visualization to surgical sites, especially
those of the retroperitoneum [1]. Typically, the frst step in
laparoscopic surgery is to enter the abdomen and insufate
it with gas to allow for visualization of structures and
space for surgical manipulation [2]. Traditionally, carbon
dioxide (CO
2
) is used for insufation because it is absorbed
faster than air and thus allows for rapid insufation and
desufation. It is also associated with decreased postoperative
abdominal pain and distention as compared to air [3]. A rare
but concerning complication of carbon dioxide insufation
is subcutaneous emphysema [4]. Although some studies
state that this risk is minimal [3], others have shown that
longer intraoperative times and prolonged insufation of the
peritoneum can increase incidence of this complication [4]
and that retained carbon dioxide postoperatively can alter
acid-base dynamics and cause cardiopulmonary collapse,
especially in patients with decreased cardiac, pulmonary, or
renal function [2].
2. Case
Tis patient is a 62-year-old female who presented to the
emergency department (ED) for chest pain two days follow-
ing robotic assisted laparoscopic supracervical hysterectomy
with sacral colpopexy for a history of uterovaginal prolapse.
Per operative report, surgery was prolonged due to incom-
plete instrument count at the end of the surgery, requiring
X-ray to retrieve the missing instrument. On postoperative
day one, the patient had an intraoperatively placed Foley
catheter removed, passed fatus, and tolerated liquids. She was
discharged on that day with oral pain medication and a bowel
regimen.
In the emergency department, the patient described chest
pain as substernal, pleuritic, and radiating to both shoulders.
Chest pain was associated with mild dyspnea that was exac-
erbated by exertion. She reported a “crunching” sensation
in her skin on her torso and neck. Her only past medical
history beyond the uterovaginal prolapse was a history of
osteoporosis treated with raloxifene.
Her vital signs at triage were oral temperature 36.8
degrees Celsius, pulse 91 beats per minute, respiratory rate
Hindawi
Case Reports in Emergency Medicine
Volume 2017, Article ID 2674216, 3 pages
https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/2674216