Freshwater Biology (1993) 29, 59-69 Effects of a forest disturbance on shredder production in southern Appalachian headwater streams BEN M. STOUT III,* E.F. BENFIELD AND J.R. WEBSTER Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061, U.S.A. *Present address: Department of Biology, Wheeling Jesuit College, Wheeling, WV 26003, U.S.A. SUMMARY 1. The effects of a forest disturbance were investigated by comparing production of leaf-shredding aquatic insects in three streams draining a mature hardwood forest and three streams draining an 11-year-old, cable-logged clearcut. 2. Reference streams contained significantly greater mean annual standing crop of leaf material and significantly more slow-processing leaf material than disturbed streams. Disturbed streams had a significantly higher mean annual standing crop of fast-processing leaf material than the reference streams. 3. Leaf-shredding cranefly (Tipula abdominalis), caddisfly (Pycnopsyche gentilis), and stonefly (Tallaperla maria) larvae comprised over 95% of shredder biomass in all streams. Total shredder production was significantly greater (P < 0.05) in disturbed versus reference streams, but individual production rates were not significantly different between stream types. 4. Pycnopsyche gentilis larvae were present at higher densities and achieved significantly greater annual biomass in disturbed versus references streams. Biomass of P. gentilis was significantly correlated with the standing crop of fast-processing, early successional leaf material in samples, whereas biomass of other shredders was correlated significantly with medium or slow-processing leaf species characteristic of later stages of forest succession. Introduction Forested headwater streams throughout the world depend largely on terrestrial vegetation as a primary energy source (e.g. Minshall, 1967; Coffman, Cummins & Wuycheck, 1971; Fisher & Likens, 1973; Mann, 1975; Davis & Winterbourn, 1977). Aquatic macro- invertebrates are major consumers in headwater streams (Cummins, 1974), and their ecological roles are indicative of the energy resources available (Wiggins & Mackay, 1978; Cummins & Klug, 1979; Gushing et al., 1983). The importance of leaf-shredding aquatic invertebrates (shredders) in reducing coarse particulate organic matter to fine particles through feeding activities has been widely demonstrated (e.g. Cummins, 1973; Winterbourn & Davis, 1976; Cummins & Klug, 1979; Grafius & Anderson, 1980; Iversen, Thorup & Skriver, 1982; Benfield & Webster, 1985). Because shredders have relatively low assimi- lation efficiencies (McDiffett, 1970; Iversen, 1974; Winterbourn & Davis, 1976; Grafius & Anderson, 1980), they tend to process large amounts of leaf material (Minshall, 1967; Coffman, Cummins, & Wuycheck, 1971; Richardson & Mackay, 1984). Shredders make fine organic particles available to collectors through leaf fragmentation and seston gen- eration (Short & Maslin, 1977; Grafius & Anderson, 1980; Mulholland et al., 1985). Elimination of shredders may result in a significant reduction in the amount of seston transported downstream (Cuffney, Wallace & Webster, 1984). Quantity and quality of leaves available to shredders in streams depend on the relative stage of forest succession. Clearcutting forests may reduce the volume of leaf litter reaching associated streams and result in reductions of leaf-shredding insects 59