AUTEX Research Journal, Vol. 7, No3, September 2007 © AUTEX
http://www.autexrj.org/No3-2007/0252.pdf
166
COMPRESSIVE PROPERTIES OF STRETCH-BROKEN CARBON
FIBRE (SBCF)/POLYAMIDE 12 COMMINGLED
UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITES
Dr. Eng. Hisham A. Azzam
Visiting Scientist, Concordia Center of Composite Material (CONCOM)
Mechanical and Industrial Engineering Department, Concordia University, Montréal, Canada.
e-mail: hishamiec@yahoo.com
Abstract
The present work investigates the compressive properties of SBCF/PA12 commingled
unidirectional composites manufactured by the hot compression moulding technique.
Different forms of failure mechanism have been observed microscopically for different
laminate thicknesses (6, 8, 10, and 12 layers). In addition, fibre-length distribution curves
have been developed at failure points. Thus, failure explanations for the SBCF/PA 12
composite during the compression test could be developed, depending upon microscopic
observations. Moreover, the effect of laminate thicknesses on compressive behaviour;
stress, strain and modulus has been analysed. It was found that by increasing laminate
thickness the compressive stress is decreased, the strain is increased and the modulus is
decreased significantly.
Key words:
thermoplastic, unidirectional reinforcement, compressive, CF/PA 12, stretch-broken
filament.
1. Introduction
Thermoplastic composite materials have received much interest for structural applications over the
last 40 years, particularly in the aerospace field. Advanced thermoplastic composites (ATC) have
recently been introduced as structural composite materials for high-performance aerospace
applications [1].
Among the available thermoplastic polymers, polyamide (PA) is considered a good candidate as a
thermoplastic composite matrix, mainly due to its low cost and easy handling [2]. Nowadays, efforts
have been made to improve the knowledge related to the main factors that affect the interface
properties and allow the intrinsic weakness of the polymeric composites to be overcome, namely
interlaminar crack propagation. Concerning the particular case of standard carbon fibre/epoxy
composite, it has been verified that its major weakness is related to poor resistance to delamination,
due to the brittle nature of the thermoset matrix. As a consequence of such behaviour, studies in
composite science have been carried out aimed at producing composite systems for which the matrix
phase presents higher toughness values. These studies have been directed towards modifying
thermoset matrices or developing tougher and more ductile matrices, most notably by using
thermoplastic materials [3,4,5].
This complex compressive behaviour is very characteristic for fabric reinforced composites, and may
have its origins in the initial material deformation (yarn crimp) caused before material impregnation
and consolidation. Initial yarn crimp combined with manufacture-induced deformation as fibre
misalignment in interlaced layers may lead to instantaneous and catastrophic compressive failure
[4,5]. Thus, the nature and sequence of failure mechanisms occurring in textile composites during
compressive loading is difficult to observe, and it has not so far been fully elucidated [6].
Lightweight, polymer matrix composites (PMCs) are enabling materials for aircraft which provide a
combination of high stiffness-to-weight ratio, as well as improved corrosion and fatigue resistance.
However, PMCs are expensive to manufacture. Considerable savings could be achieved by using
lower cost composite forming, compression moulding, or other automated fabrication processes. The