T
he methods of management used in poultry production today require that the
personnel work during several hours of the day in an atmosphere with high
levels of air contaminants such as gases, organic dust, airborne
microorganisms, and toxins. Poor air quality in poultry houses is a common
environmental condition, and several respiratory diseases have been reported,
including allergies connected with work in poultry houses (Danuser et al., 1988;
Leistikow et al., 1989; Brown, 1990). Strong evidence exists to suggest that there are
health risks also to workers in poultry slaughter houses (Olenchock et al., 1982;
Hagmar et al., 1990). The air quality in poultry buildings also has an impact on
animal health, with damages to the respiratory system of the exposed animals
(Feddes et al., 1997; Van W icklen et al., 1997). Several studies of the environment in
poultry buildings have reported high concentrations of air contaminants, such as
gases, e.g., ammonia and carbon dioxide, dust, airborne microorganisms, and
L. M årtensson, C. Pehrson
Abstract
New rearing systems for laying hens must be developed as the result of animal welfare
legislation in Sweden that will ban the use of cages. The up-breeding of layer-type pullets
must also take place in systems similar to those used in egg production units. In this
study, the air quality and the climatic conditions in a multiple tier rearing system were
compared with conditions in a battery system. The studies were run simultaneously with
layer-type pullets from one day old to 16 weeks of age. The gases measured were
ammonia and carbon dioxide and the particulate matter was measured as total dust,
respirable dust, endotoxin, and airborne microorganisms. The results indicate significantly
higher levels of total dust and endotoxin in the multiple tier rearing system than in the
battery system. This was most obvious at the end of the rearing period. Airborne
microorganisms were found in considerable concentrations in both systems. W hen
animals were unloaded, personal sampling gave elevated levels of dust that exceeded the
Swedish hygienic threshold value. This may be related to a raised activity of the animals
and to the close contact between the workers and the animals.
Keyw ords. Working environment, Animal buildings, Dust, Ammonia, Endotoxin,
Air pollution, Poultry.
Journal of Agricult ural Safet y and Healt h 3(4):217-228 © 1997 ASAE 1074-7583 / 97 / 0304-217 217
Air Quality in a Multiple Tier Rearing System
for LayerType Pullets
The authors are Lennart Mårtensson, PhD, Division of Work Science and Technology, Department
of Agricultural Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Alnarp, Sweden,
and Division of Working Environment, Lund Institute of Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden;
and Christina Pehrson, Medical Laboratory Technician, Department of Medical Microbiology, Lund
University, Lund, Sweden. Corresponding author: Lennart Mårtensson, Division of Work Science and
Technology, Department of Agricultural Biosystems and Technology, Swedish University of Agricultural
Sciences, PO Box 88, S-230 53 Alnarp, Sweden; tel: +46 40 41 5490; fax: +46 40 41 5489; e-mail:
<lennart.martensson@jbt.slu.se>.