Failure Modeling of C-130 Turbines using Artificial Neural Networks
Nizar A. Qattan, King Abdulaziz University
Ali M. Al-Bahi, PhD, King Abdulaziz University
Belkacem Kada, PhD, King Abdulaziz University
Key Words: Reliability, Neural Network, Back Propagation Algorithms, Turbine Blades
SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS
The C-130 aircraft is one of the most widely used medium
transports in the world. It operates virtually everywhere, from
the arctic circle to the Sahara. Operation in desert conditions,
however, presents a challenge for maintenance engineers
regarding preventive maintenance scheduling. Erosion caused
by sand particles drastically decreases turbine blades life.
Recent studies showed that Artificial Neural Network ANN
algorithms have much better capability at modeling reliability
and predicting failure than conventional algorithms. In this
study, more than thirty years of local operational field data were
used for failure rate prediction and validation using several
algorithms. These include Weibull regression modeling to
establish a reference, feed-forward back-propagation ANN, and
radial basis neural network algorithm. Comparison between the
three methods is carried out. Results show that the failure rate
predicted by both the feed-forward back-propagation artificial
neural network model and radial basis neural network model
are closer to actual failure data than he failure rate predicted by
the Weibull model. The results also give an insight into the
reliability of the engine turbine under actual operating
conditions, which can be used by aircraft operators for
assessing system and component failures and customizing the
maintenance programs recommended by the manufacturer.
1 INTRODUCTION
Modern aircraft engines are very complex machines. They
provide the necessary thrust for the aircraft to fly. Therefore,
the safety of an aircraft greatly depends on the reliability of its
engines.
The extreme high temperature, pressure, and velocity of the
intake air mass may contain sand and dust which will cause a
catastrophic damage to aircraft turbine and engine. So
preventive maintenance and continuous monitoring of engines
are essential measures to increase both reliability and aircraft
safety. The Turbine system is a 4-stage turbine designed to
extract the air energy directed from the combustion chamber at
extreme high pressure and temperature - maximum Turbine
inlet temperature (TIT) of 1077ºc at Take-off power limited to
5 minutes, 1010ºc maximum continuous operation and, 932ºc
recommended cruise power - develop 11000 Hp of mechanical
energy to drive the compressor, propeller, and engine
accessories. As we mentioned in the introduction part, the
turbine section is the most effected by thermal distress,
sulfidation and sand ingestion. The Turbine system consists of
many components, the man turbine components are: Turbine
inlet casing, vane and seal support, Turbine vane casing, four
stages of turbine stator, four stages of turbine rotor,
Thermocouples and rear bearing support, as presented in Figure
1. To simplify our modeling, we will deal with the engine
turbine as a single unit.
Figure 1 Turbine Unit Assemblies
Artificial Neural Networks were introduced several
decades ago as a means of modeling. There have been
numerous publications explaining these methods, see for
example [9, 10 and 11]. The convergence criteria were
reduction of mean square error to a minimum value. This delta
rule for a single layer can be called a precursor of the back-
propagation net used for multi-layer nets. The multi-layer
extension of Adaline formed the Madaline. In 1982, John
Hopfield’s introduced new concept networks, Hopfield showed
how to use “Using spin glass “type of model to store the
information in dynamically stable networks, [1]. His work
paved the way for physicists to enter neural modeling, thereby
transforming the field of neural networks. Three years later,
Parker back propagation net paved its way into neural networks,
[2]. This method propagates the error information at the output
units back to the hidden units using generalized delta rule. This
978-1-7281-8017-5/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE
2021 Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium (RAMS) | 978-1-7281-8017-5/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/RAMS48097.2021.9605792
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