Information content and computational complexity of recursive sets * Lars Kristiansen ** Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Pb 1080 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway An honest function is, roughly speaking, a unary, recursive, and strictly increasing function with a very simple graph. Thus if / is an honest function, then the growth of / reflects the computational complexity of /. The honest elementary degrees are the degree structure induced on the honest functions by the reducibility relation "being (Kalmar) elementary in". (Other subre- cursive reducibility relations will also work, for example "being primitive recursive in", but not "being polynomial time computable in the length of input\ "Being polynomial time computable in the input 1 might work, at least in some respects.) A recursive function turns out to be total iff it is ele- mentary in some honest function. Thus, since the set of functions elementary in a particular honest function constitutes a complexity class, the structure of honest elementary degrees will provide a measure for the computational complexity of any total recursive function /. If / is not elementary in a honest function of degree a, it is because / is too hard to compute, i.e. it requires more resources to compute / than the honest degree a allows. The structure of subrecursive honest degrees is studied, explicitly or im- plicitly, in Meyer and Ritchie [11], Basu [2], Machtey [8] [9] [10], Simmons [16], and Kristiansen [5] [6]. Machtey shows that the structure of elementary honest degrees is a lattice with strong density properties, for instance be- tween any degrees a, b such that a < b there are two incomparable degrees. Kristiansen studies a jump operator on the structure. Among other results he shows that it is possible to invert the jump; there exist low degrees; there exist degrees which are neither high nor low; every situation compatible with a' U b' < (a U b) 7 is realized in the structure; every situation compatible a < b => a' < b' is realized in the structure, e.g. we have incomparable de- grees a, b such that a' < b' and incomparable degrees a, b such that a' = b' etcetera. Moreover there is a close relationship between the elementary hon- est degrees and the subrecursive hierarchies described in the book of Rose [15]. Let 0 be the degree of the elementary functions, let • ' be the jump op- erator from [6], and let f 0 ,^ 1 ,^ 2 ,... denote the classes in the Grzegorczyk hierarchy. Then the class £ 3 is exactly the functions elementary in an hon- est function of degree 0, the class B 4 is exactly the functions elementary in an honest function of degree 0', the class £ 5 corresponds to the degree 0" and so on. By introducing an ω-jump in an obvious way, we will be able to * This paper is in its final form, and no similar paper has been or is being sub- mitted elsewhere. ** The author wishes to thank Wolfgang Merkle and Stan S. Wainer