Phytotaxa 306 (3): 223–233 http://www.mapress.com/j/pt/ Copyright © 2017 Magnolia Press Article PHYTOTAXA ISSN 1179-3155 (print edition) ISSN 1179-3163 (online edition) Accepted by Genevieve Gates: 18 Apr. 2017; published: 12 May 2017 https://doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.306.3.5 223 A new species and a new combination of Rhodophana (Entolomataceae, Agaricales) from Africa PABLO P. DANIËLS 1 , TIMOTHY J. BARONI 2 *, OUMAROU HAMA 3 , KERRI KLUTING 4 , SARAH BERGEMANN 5 , FELIX INFANTE GARCÍA-PANTALEÓN 1 , MOUSSA BARAGE 6 & DAHIRATOU IBRAHIM 7 1 Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Cordoba, Ed. Celestino Mutis, Campus Rabanales, Cordoba 14071, Spain. 2 Department of Biological Sciences, State University of New York, College at Cortland, PO Box 2000, Cortland,New York 13045, USA. 3 Department of Plant Production and Irrigation, Faculty of Agronomy, University of Tahoua, Tahoua BP-255, Niger. 4 Department of Evolutionary Biology, Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 18D, SE-752 36 Uppsala, Sweden. 5 Biology Department, Middle Tennessee State University, PO Box 60, Murfreesboro, Tennessee 37132, USA. 6 Department of Plant Production, Faculty of Agronomy, University Abdou Moumouni, Niamey BP-10960, Niger. 7 Life Sciences and Earth Department, High School of Education, University Abdou Moumouni, Niamey BP-10963, Niger. * Corresponding author: tim.baroni@cortland.edu Abstract Multiple collections of a new member of the Entolomataceae were found in W National Park of Niger during a survey of macrofungi. This new species with a dark reddish brown scaly pileus surface and a yellow stipe belongs in the genus Rhodo- phana of the Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade in the Entolomataceae. Using a three-gene analysis of the phylogenetic position of Rhodophana flavipes it is most closely related to the recently described Rhodophana squamulosa from India and is a sister taxon to Rhodophana nitellina and R. melleopallens. Micromorphological examination of the type of Rhodocybe fibulata, another African species with a scaly cap, confirms that it belongs in Rhodophana, thus a new combination Rhodophana fibulata is proposed. Key words: atp6, rpb2, tef1, molecular phylogeny Introduction The Entolomataceae Kotl. & Pouzar consists of two major clades, an Entoloma clade and a Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade (Co-David et al. 2009, Baroni et al. 2011, Baroni & Matheny 2011, Kluting et al. 2014) with the Rhodocybe- Clitopilus clade containing fewer taxa globally (300 species in the Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade vs. ca. 1200 species for the Entoloma clade). Co-David et al. (2009) performed a phylogenetic analysis with a limited sample of representative species and proposed the recognition of two genera (Entoloma Fr. ex P. Kumm. s.l. (1871:23) and Clitopilus (Fr. ex Rabenh.) P. Kumm (1871:23)) in the Entolomataceae. The generic concepts proposed by Co-David et al. (2009) were based on the conclusion that the morphological concepts used to recognize most of the segregate genera in the Entoloma clade were unsupported and a similar situation existed in the Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade. Baroni & Matheny (2011) conducted a phylogenetic analysis of the Entolomataceae using an increased sample size with the same three partial genes employed by Co-David et al. (2009) and demonstrated that four well-supported groups in the Rhodocybe- Clitopilus clade exist. Kluting et al. (2014) expanded the sample size significantly for the Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade and analyzed three different partial protein-coding genes (atp6, tef1, and rpb2) resolving five, statistically supported clades which can be recognized as distinct genera based on morphological characters: Rhodocybe Maire (1926:298) in a redefined sense, Rhodophana Kühner (in Kühner & Lamoure 1971:23), Clitopilopsis Maire (1937:113), Clitopilus (Fr.ex Rabenh.) P. Kumm. (1871:23), and a newly recognized genus Clitocella Kluting, T. J. Baroni & Bergemann (2014:1135) that is a sister group to Clitopilus and Rhodocybe. We follow here the generic concepts proposed by Kluting et al. (2014). There are a limited number of publications describing species of the Rhodocybe-Clitopilus clade from Africa (Baroni 1999, Beeli 1928, Daniëls et al. 2015, Malençon & Bertault 1970, 1975, Pegler 1977) and only 17 taxa of Rhodocybe and/or Clitopilus have been documented in these works. We discuss here two taxa of Rhodophana now known for Africa, one of which is a new species.