Citation: Reis, W.F.; Barreto, C.G.;
Capelari, M.G.M. Circular Economy
and Solid Waste Management:
Connections from a Bibliometric
Analysis. Sustainability 2023, 15,
15715. https://doi.org/10.3390/
su152215715
Academic Editor: Fausto Cavallaro
Received: 4 September 2023
Revised: 26 October 2023
Accepted: 3 November 2023
Published: 8 November 2023
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
sustainability
Article
Circular Economy and Solid Waste Management: Connections
from a Bibliometric Analysis
Wender Freitas Reis * , Cristiane Gomes Barreto and Mauro Guilherme Maidana Capelari
Sustainable Development Center, University of Brasília, Brasília 70910-900, Brazil; crisbarreto@unb.br (C.G.B.);
mauro.cappellaro@unb.br (M.G.M.C.)
* Correspondence: reiswender@gmail.com
Abstract: The aim of this study is to conduct a meta-analysis of the research published between 2012
and 2022 on solid waste management (SWM) and the circular economy (CE) using bibliometrics.
To this end, the Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) databases were used as sources of publications.
Processing was conducted using the R language version 4.2.2 and the Bibliometrix software package
version 4.1.2. A theoretical basis was built on the terms in order to present their interactions in the
context of scientific debate. The results show that there is a need to create indicators to facilitate the
evaluation of SWM. They can be identified from the data collected during the management process.
Examples include the volume of material collected, operating costs, and recycling rates. Indicators
are important in the waste management process because they help quantify the effectiveness of the
management practices adopted, help to identify areas that need improvement, and make it possible
to monitor the progress of work over time and the achievement of previously set targets. Two other
important results are the maximization of the use of resources by increasing the useful life of the
product and the emergence of new sustainable business models with recycling as a driving force.
Finally, and perhaps the most disruptive discovery, is the integration of SWM and CE with blockchain
technology to reduce the levels of waste production. This shows how new technologies can be used
as partners in solving complex problems, such as solid waste (SW).
Keywords: circular economy; solid waste management; R language; bibliometrics
1. Introduction
In 2016, the world generated approximately 2.01 billion tons of municipal solid waste
(MSW) and is expected to produce 3.40 billion by the year 2050 [1]. This problem is related
to the waste promoted by modern society as a result of the linear economic model [2],
which is considered to be the main cause of the depletion of natural resources [3].
Population [4], urban growth, and consumption growth [5] are factors that burden the
economy with disproportionately high levels of waste flows, generating waste management
costs and limiting the ability to properly dispose of these materials. This leads to the
pollution of water bodies, the spread of disease, an increase in greenhouse gases, the
contamination of groundwater [6], and the exhaustion of landfills due to the high per capita
production of waste [7]. As a result, due to new consumer societies and the constant pace
of industrial activity, emissions into the environment and the generation of solid waste are
becoming increasingly serious problems [8].
The need to ensure sustainable production and consumption patterns has been recog-
nized in the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), specifically in Goal
12.5, which aims to “significantly reduce waste generation through conservation, reduction,
recycling and reuse by 2030” [9].
This intention is in line with the proposal of the CE, a concept that has great poten-
tial for more sustainable development practices by seeking solutions to the problems of
production, consumption, and waste [10].
Sustainability 2023, 15, 15715. https://doi.org/10.3390/su152215715 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/sustainability