Citation: Catholico, N.; Tessari, E.A.;
Granja, I.J.A.; de Sousa, M.J.A.; Felix,
J.F.; Manarin, F.; Godoi, M.; Rafique,
J.; Schneider, R.; Saba, S.; et al.
Iron-Borophosphate Glass-Catalyzed
Regioselective Hydrothiolation of
Alkynes under Green Conditions.
Catalysts 2023, 13, 1127. https://
doi.org/10.3390/catal13071127
Academic Editors: Victorio Cadierno
and Raffaella Mancuso
Received: 23 June 2023
Revised: 18 July 2023
Accepted: 18 July 2023
Published: 20 July 2023
Copyright: © 2023 by the authors.
Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
This article is an open access article
distributed under the terms and
conditions of the Creative Commons
Attribution (CC BY) license (https://
creativecommons.org/licenses/by/
4.0/).
catalysts
Article
Iron-Borophosphate Glass-Catalyzed Regioselective
Hydrothiolation of Alkynes under Green Conditions
Nicoli Catholico
1
, Eduarda A. Tessari
2
, Isis J. A. Granja
3
, Martinho J. A. de Sousa
4
, Jorlandio F. Felix
5
,
Flávia Manarin
2
, Marcelo Godoi
6
, Jamal Rafique
3,4
, Ricardo Schneider
7,
* , Sumbal Saba
3,
*
and Giancarlo V. Botteselle
1,
*
1
Department of Chemistry, Midwestern Parana State University-UNICENTRO,
Guarapuava 85040-167, PR, Brazil; nicolicatholico@yahoo.com.br
2
Center for Engineering and Exact Sciences, Western Parana State University-UNIOESTE,
Toledo 85903-000, PR, Brazil; eduardatessari@hotmail.com (E.A.T.);fgmanarin@gmail.com (F.M.)
3
Instituto de Química IQ, Universidade Federal de Goiás-UFG, Goiania 74690-900, GO, Brazil;
isisgranja@gmail.com (I.J.A.G.); jamal.chm@gmail.com or jamal.rafique@ufms.br (J.R.)
4
Institute of Chemistry-INQUI, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul-UFMS,
Campo Grande 79074-460, MS, Brazil; martinhotinho@hotmail.com
5
Institute of Physics, University of Brasilia-UNB, Brasilia 70910-900, DF, Brazil; jorlandio@unb.br
6
School of Chemistry and Food, Federal University of Rio Grande-FURG,
Santo Antanio da Patrulha 95500-000, RS, Brazil; marcelogodoi@furg.br
7
Group of Polymers and Nanostructures, Federal University of Technology Parana-UTFPR,
Toledo 85902-490, PR, Brazil
* Correspondence: rschneider@utfpr.edu.br (R.S.); sumbalsaba@ufg.br (S.S.); giancarlo@unicentro.br (G.V.B.)
Abstract: Vinyl sulfides are an important class of organic compounds that have relevant synthetic and
biological applications. The best-known approach to realize these compounds is the hydrothiolation
of alkynes under different conditions using metals, toxic and carcinogenic solvents. The development
of new catalysts using materials that are environmentally friendly, low in cost, and easy to handle is
highly desirable for this reaction. In this regard, glasses have become an important class of materials,
since they can be used as a catalyst for chemical reactions. We prepared and characterized an
inexpensive and robust iron-doped borophosphate glass (Fe@NaH
2
PO
4
-H
3
BO
3
glass). This eco-
friendly material was successfully applied as a catalyst for the hydrothiolation of alkynes under
solvent-free conditions, affording the desired vinyl sulfides in good-to-excellent yields, with high
stereoselectivity. This method of synthesis is attractive because it enables the reuse of the iron-glass
catalyst and the scaling up of reactions.
Keywords: iron-borophosphate glass; catalysis; vinyl sulfides; hydrothiolation; green chemistry
1. Introduction
Glasses or glass-based materials are known for their stability and the high temper-
ature commonly required for their synthesis. While glasses can be made using different
approaches, the melting and fast-cooling method is widely used. Phosphates, and to some
extent phosphate-based glasses, are a distinct group of materials that can be obtained from
simple and eco-friendly raw chemicals. However, they usually have low chemical stability
(e.g., high moisture sensitivity). Nevertheless, their ability to dissolve oxides at relatively
low temperature overcomes the lability of the phosphate network [1,2]. Not only is the
modification of the glass network achieved by addition of modifiers (dissolved ions) but
also the reactivity of the glass surface [3]. Using appropriate oxides and/or metallic oxides
will produce a glass that can be handled under ordinary conditions with superior catalyst
performance. In this context, iron oxide is an abundant and affordable raw chemical that
can be used in the synthesis of important classes of molecules, such as organosulfur [4,5]
and organoselenium compounds [6,7].
Catalysts 2023, 13, 1127. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal13071127 https://www.mdpi.com/journal/catalysts