382 Int. J. Environment and Pollution, Vol. 14, Nos. 1–6, 2000
Copyright © 2000 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.
A simple and practical model for reactive plumes
L. Delamare, A. Coppalle and M. Gonzalez
CORIA/LAME-UMR6614, CNRS-Université & INSA de Rouen,
Campus du Madrillet, INSA-Avenue de l’Université-BP8, 76801
Saint-Etienne-du-Rouvray, France
Abstract: Pollutants emitted from industrial stacks can be transformed by
chemical reactions. An interesting case is the NO to NO
2
conversion due to
reactions with the ambient ozone. A simple and practical model has been
developed to calculate this conversion in the vicinity of the source. Spatial
distributions of the reactive species concentrations in the plume are represented
by generalized Gaussian profiles. The influence of non-linear chemistry is
taken into account by means of different dispersion parameters for each
species. The model itself consists of a limited number of ordinary differential
equations which are easy to solve numerically. The wind tunnel reactive plume
experiment of Builtjes has been simulated. Comparison between the results of
this simple model and calculations involving the complete partial differential
equations solved on a refined mesh shows that this generalized Gaussian
representation of the transverse profiles is valid except very near the source. It
turns out that the influence of chemistry on the dispersion parameters has to be
taken into account in order to predict the NO/NO
2
conversion accurately.
Keywords: Gaussian models, macro-mixing, non-linear chemistry, reactive
plumes.
Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Delamare, L., Coppalle, A.
and Gonzalez, M. (2000) ‘A simple and practical model for reactive plumes’,
Int. J. Environment and Pollution, Vol. 14, Nos. 1–6, pp. 382–390.
1 Introduction
By reaction with ambient ozone, NO emitted from industrial stacks is converted into
NO
2
, which is much more hazardous to human health.
1
It is thus important to be able to
predict accurately the spatial distributions of NO and NO
2
in the vicinity of localized
emission sources.
The length scale of this chemical conversion is so small that it cannot be resolved by
grid-based Eulerian air pollution simulation models. Reactive plumes are sub-grid
processes and have to be modelled separately.
2
A detailed simulation of each plume in an
urban area would greatly increase the computational burden of air pollution simulations.
It is, then, useful to define models as simply as possible for the treatment of sub-grid
reactive plumes. Such models are reactive Gaussian models and ring models.
3, 4, 5
Available Gaussian models do not take into account the non-linear interaction between
the dispersion of the plume and the chemical reactions. Ring models do so, but their
precision is related to the number of rings used to discretize the plume. Our objective
here is to build a model that takes into account the macro-mixing/chemistry interactions
without excessive additional computer time.